Shloka 33

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

गयायामथवा पिण्डं खड्गमांसं महाहविः । कालशाकं तिलाढ्यं वा कृसरं मासतृप्तये ॥

Transliteration

gayāyām athavā piṇḍaṃ khaḍgamāṃsaṃ mahāhaviḥ / kālaśākaṃ tilāḍhyaṃ vā kṛsaraṃ māsatṛptaye

Translation

ဂယာမြို့၌ ပိဏ္ဍ (piṇḍa) ကို ပူဇော်နိုင်သည်။ ကြံ့အသားသည် အလွန်မြတ်သော အဟုတိ (oblation) ဟု ဆိုကြသည်။ သို့မဟုတ် အနက်ရောင် အရွက်ဟင်းသီးဟင်းရွက်များ၊ သို့မဟုတ် နှမ်းများစွာပါသော ကೃစရ (kṛsara—ဆန်နှင့် ပဲဟင်း) ကို ပူဇော်လည်း ရသည်—ဤအရာတို့သည် ပိတೃ (Pitṛs) များကို တစ်လပတ်လုံး ကျေနပ်စေသည်ဟု ဆိုသည်။

Word by Word

• गयायाम्: in Gayā
• गयायाम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक (locative of place)

• अथवा: or
• अथवा: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथवा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (alternative particle)

• पिण्डम्: a piṇḍa (funeral rice-ball offering)
• पिण्डम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• खड्गमांसम्: rhinoceros meat
• खड्गमांसम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खड्ग + मांस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (खड्गस्य मांसम्)

• महाहविः: a great oblation
• महाहविः: Karta/Predicate-nominal (कर्ता/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (महच्च तत् हविः)

• कालशाकम्: kāla-śāka (a kind of leafy vegetable)
• कालशाकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल + शाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (कालस्य शाकम् / काल-नामकं शाकम्)

• तिलाढ्यम्: rich in sesame
• तिलाढ्यम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तिल + आढ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण; तत्पुरुष (तिलैः आढ्यम् = sesame-rich)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (alternative particle)

• कृसरम्: kṛsara (a rice-and-pulse dish)
• कृसरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृसर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• मासतृप्तये: for monthly satisfaction (of the ancestors)
• मासतृप्तये: Sampradāna/Purpose (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास + तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थ दत्तिव (dative of purpose); तत्पुरुष (मासस्य तृप्तिः)

Speakers

• Madālasā instructing (to her son) in dharma/ritual matters (continuing śrāddha instructions)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Tīrtha (Gayā)
• Ritual offerings

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Gratitude to one’s lineage is treated as a concrete duty (pitṛ-ṛṇa). The text frames food-gifts and offerings as carriers of remembrance and responsibility, with specified results to encourage regular observance.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/Ācāra material rather than the five purāṇic markers; it is ancillary instruction often embedded within Purāṇas alongside sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Gayā symbolizes a ‘crossing-place’ where memory and merit are intensified. The graded ‘duration of satisfaction’ encodes the idea that intention + proper rite stabilizes subtle continuity between generations.