Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 43

Adhyaya 31 — Yoga Philosophy

Sanskrit

अपसव्यं पितॄणाञ्च सर्वमेवोपकल्पयेत् । दर्भांश्च द्विगुणान् दत्त्वा तेभ्योऽनुज्ञामवाप्य च ॥

Transliteration

apasavyaṃ pitṝṇāñ ca sarvam evopakalpayet / darbhāṃś ca dviguṇān dattvā tebhyo 'nujñām avāpya ca

Translation

ပိတೃများ (Pitṛs) အတွက် အပသဗျ (apasavya) နည်းဖြင့်—သင်္ကန်းကြိုးကို ပြောင်းပြန်ထား၍—အရာအားလုံးကို စီစဉ်ရမည်။ ဒರ್ಭမြက် (darbha) ကို နှစ်ဆထားပြီး၊ သူတို့၏ ခွင့်ပြုချက်ကို ရယူပြီးနောက် ဆက်လက်ပြုလုပ်သည်။

Word by Word

• अपसव्यम्: in the apasavya manner
• अपसव्यम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपसव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial) — ‘अपसव्य-रीत्या’ (with the sacred thread on the right shoulder)

• पितॄणाम्: of the ancestors
• पितॄणाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (plural)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन (singular)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (particle of emphasis)

• उपकल्पयेत्: should prepare/arrange
• उपकल्पयेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-कल्प् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• दर्भान्: kuśa grasses
• दर्भान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन (plural)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• द्विगुणान्: double (in quantity)
• द्विगुणान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगुसमास (numerical compound); पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन (plural); विशेषण (qualifying)

• दत्त्वा: having given
• दत्त्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive) — ‘having given’

• तेभ्यः: to them
• तेभ्यः: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी (5th) / चतुर्थी (4th), बहुवचन; अत्र दान-सम्प्रदानार्थे चतुर्थी (dative)

• अनुज्ञाम्: permission/assent
• अनुज्ञाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• अवाप्य: having obtained
• अवाप्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-आप् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/क्त्वार्थक अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund) — ‘having obtained’

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Apasavya
• Darbha
• Ritual protocol

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma includes precision and respect for distinct ritual domains: the Pitṛ sphere has its own protocol (apasavya), reminding the practitioner to honor boundaries and inherited forms.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra material embedded in Purāṇic teaching; not pancalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

Apasavya can symbolize turning inward toward lineage-memory and the subtle past; doubling darbha suggests strengthening the ‘seat’ and channel for ancestral connection.