Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 14

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

एवं यो यजमानस्य यश्च तेषां द्विजन्मनाम् ।

कश्चिज्जलान्नविक्षेपः शुचिरुच्छिष्ट एव वा ॥

Transliteration

evaṃ yo yajamānasya yaś ca teṣāṃ dvijanmanām / kaś cij jalānnavikṣepaḥ śucir ucchiṣṭa eva vā

Translation

ထို့ကြောင့် ရေနှင့် အစာကို ပက်ချခြင်း/ပက်ဖျန်းခြင်း မည်သို့ဖြစ်စေ—ယဇမာန (ယဇ్ఞပြုသူ) ၏အရာဖြစ်စေ၊ ဒွိဇ (နှစ်ကြိမ်မွေး) တို့၏အရာဖြစ်စေ—သန့်ရှင်းသည်ဖြစ်စေ၊ သို့မဟုတ် အကြွင်းအကျန် (ucchiṣṭa) ဖြစ်စေ…

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb: thus)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (relative subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; relative pronoun

• यजमानस्य: of the sacrificer (patron)
• यजमानस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (relative subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• द्वि-जन्मनाम्: of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas etc.)
• द्वि-जन्मनाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि (प्रातिपदिक) + जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्रयोग: द्विजन्मा = twice-born (dvija)

• कश्चित्: someone/any (one)
• कश्चित्: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक (indefinite pronoun)

• जल-अन्न-विक्षेपः: (is) the discarding of water and food
• जल-अन्न-विक्षेपः: कर्ता/विधेय (predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जल (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्न (प्रातिपदिक) + विक्षेप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समाहार/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: जलस्य अन्नस्य च विक्षेपः = scattering/throwing away of water and food

• शुचिः: pure
• शुचिः: विशेषण (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• उच्छिष्टः: (or) impure/with leftovers
• उच्छिष्टः: विशेषण (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उच्छिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण; ‘leftover/impure (from eating)’

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: अवधारण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (emphasis)

• वा: or
• वा: विकल्प (alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विकल्पार्थक (disjunctive particle)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Śrāddha
• Ritual taxonomy (śuci/ucchiṣṭa)
• Gṛhastha duty
• Merit transfer

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The teaching broadens the field of ritual consequence: even what is classified as ‘leftover’ can function within dharmic causality when connected to sacred hospitality and śrāddha contexts.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma; it systematizes ritual effects rather than narrating cosmogenesis or dynasties.

What is the esoteric significance?

The śuci/ucchiṣṭa polarity is relativized: when embedded in yajña-structure, remnants are not mere waste but transformed substance carrying ‘ritual charge’ (saṃskāra).