Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 30, Shloka 4

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

पुत्रजन्मनि यत्कार्यं जातकर्मसमं नरैः ।

विवाहादौ च कर्तव्यं सर्वं सम्यक् क्रिमोदितम् ॥

Transliteration

putrajanmani yatkāryaṃ jātakarmasamaṃ naraiḥ | vivāhādau ca kartavyaṃ sarvaṃ samyak krimoditam ||

Translation

သားယောက်ျား မွေးဖွားသည့်အခါ လူတို့က ပြုလုပ်ရမည့် အရာအားလုံးကို—ဇာတကမ္မ (jātakarma) အခမ်းအနားနှင့် တူညီသကဲ့သို့—ထို့အတူ မင်္ဂလာဆောင်နှင့် အလားတူ အခါအခွင့်များတွင်လည်း သတ်မှတ်ထားသကဲ့သို့ မှန်ကန်စွာ ဆောင်ရွက်ရမည်။

Word by Word

• पुत्र-जन्मनि: at a son's birth
• पुत्र-जन्मनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (जन्मन्), सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (पुत्रस्य जन्म)

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक/यत्-शब्द (relative)

• कार्यम्: is to be done
• कार्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ (धातु) + यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (कार्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘to be done’/duty

• जातकर्म-समम्: equal to the jātakarma rite
• जातकर्म-समम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जातकर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (जातकर्मणा समम्)

• नरैः: by men (people)
• नरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन

• विवाह-आदौ: in marriage and the like
• विवाह-आदौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवाह (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (विवाहः आदि यस्मिन्/विवाहादिषु)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• कर्तव्यम्: should be done
• कर्तव्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (कर्तव्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेय (ought to be done)

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• क्रिम-उदितम्: as stated by Krima
• क्रिम-उदितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रिम (प्रातिपदिक) + उदित (कृदन्त; √उद्/वद्?)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (क्रिमेण/क्रिम्णा उदितम् = ‘as stated by Krima’)

Speakers

• Instructional narrator within the Dharma/ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Saṃskāra
• Gṛhastha duties
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Ritual propriety

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Major transitions in family life (birth, marriage) are sacralized through ordered rites; dharma emphasizes doing them ‘samyak’—with correctness and restraint—so joy is harmonized with responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is dharma-śāstric guidance embedded in a Purāṇa; it does not directly map to sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita, but supports social continuity central to vaṃśa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Life-events are treated as ‘thresholds’ where unseen obligations (ṛṇa to pitṛs) are acknowledged; correct ritual order symbolizes inner order during change.