Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 23, Shloka 55

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

अस्यान्तर्गतमा यत्तं स्वरव्यञ्जनसंमितम् ।

तदशेषं मया दत्तं भवतः कंबलस्य च ॥

Transliteration

asyāntargatamāyattaṃ svaravyañjanasaṃmitam / tadaśeṣaṃ mayā dattaṃ bhavataḥ kambalasya ca

Translation

«ဤအတွင်း ပါဝင်သမျှသည် သရ (အသံအက္ခရာ) နှင့် ဗျဉ္ဇန (ဗျည်းအက္ခရာ) တို့အပေါ် မူတည်၍ တိုင်းတာသတ်မှတ်ထားသော အရာများဖြစ်သည်—ထိုအရာအားလုံးကို ငါသည် သင်နှင့် ကမ္ဗလာတို့အား ပေးအပ်ပြီးပြီ»။

Word by Word

• asya: of this
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन); Neuter/Masculine depending on referent

• antargatam: included/contained within
• antargatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: antar + gata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past participle (क्त/क्तवत् sense) from √gam with prefix antar; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• āyattam: dependent/pertaining
• āyattam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āyatta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• svara-vyañjana-saṃmitam: measured by vowels and consonants
• svara-vyañjana-saṃmitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svara + vyañjana + saṃmita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: ‘measured/defined by vowels and consonants’ (saṃmita from √mā with sam-, kta)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• aśeṣam: entire/without remainder
• aśeṣam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with tat

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• dattam: given
• dattam: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु) + kta (क्त) → datta (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन) agreeing with tat

• bhavataḥ: to you / of you
• bhavataḥ: Sampradāna/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Honorific pronoun; Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• kambalasya: to/of Kambala
• kambalasya: Sampradāna/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kambala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

Speakers

• Sarasvatī

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sarasvatī

Shakti Aspects

• Sarasvatī

Key Themes

• Śabda (sound) theology
• Grammar and music interface
• Completeness of instruction

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Speech-structure (vowels/consonants) underlies refined culture; mastery requires comprehension of foundations, not only performance.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative; not a direct sarga/manvantara/vaṃśa passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

By linking music to svara/vyañjana, the text hints that nāda and vāk are one continuum—cosmic sound crystallizing into articulated knowledge.