Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 15, Shloka 8

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

कलायान् कलमान् मुद्गान् गोधूमानतसीस्तथा । शस्यान्यन्यानि वा हृत्वा मोहाज्जन्तुरचेतनः ॥

Transliteration

kalāyāna kalamān mudgān godhūmānatasīstathā / śasyānyanyāni vā hṛtvā mohājjanturacetanaḥ

Translation

ပဲစေ့၊ ဆန် (စပါး)၊ ပဲစိမ်း၊ ဂျုံ၊ ဖလက်စ် (flax) သို့မဟုတ် အခြားသီးနှံများကို မောဟကြောင့် ခိုးယူသူသည် အာရုံမဲ့သော သတ္တဝါအဖြစ် ဖြစ်လာ၏ (တိတိကျကျ သတ္တဝါပုံစံကို နောက်ကဗျာတွင် ဖော်ပြမည်)။

Word by Word

• कलायान्: peas
• कलायान्: कर्म (object; list item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• कलमान्: rice shoots/seedlings (kalama)
• कलमान्: कर्म (object; list item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• मुद्गान्: green gram
• मुद्गान्: कर्म (object; list item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुद्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• गोधूमान्: wheat
• गोधूमान्: कर्म (object; list item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोधूम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• अतसीः: flax/linseed plants
• अतसीः: कर्म (object; list item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतसी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• तथा: likewise, also
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: रीति/समुच्चय-अव्यय (adverb: likewise/also)

• शस्यानि: crops
• शस्यानि: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शस्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• अन्यानि: other
• अन्यानि: कर्म-विशेषण (object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying शस्यानि)

• वा: or
• वा: विकल्प (alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive particle: or)

• हृत्वा: having stolen
• हृत्वा: पूर्वक्रिया (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having stolen/taken away)

• मोहात्: from delusion
• मोहात्: हेतु (cause; from)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative), एकवचन

• जन्तुः: a creature/person
• जन्तुः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अचेतनः: unconscious, senseless
• अचेतनः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अचेतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying जन्तुः)

Speakers

• Not specified in input (didactic narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Theft of food/agricultural produce
• Moha (delusion)
• Karma-vipāka

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Food and agriculture are sacralized as the basis of life and hospitality; stealing them is portrayed as a delusion that dulls consciousness and leads to degraded rebirth.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/karma-vipāka instruction, ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘loss of cetanā’ (discernment) is the inner meaning: repeated theft habituates the mind to grasping, which the text encodes as a fall into instinct-bound embodiment.