Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 14, Shloka 26

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

तत् प्रभूततरं स्थूलं शूलकीलकसम्भवम् ।

दुःखं यच्छति तद्वच्च शिरोरोगादि दुःसहम् ॥

Transliteration

tat prabhūtataraṃ sthūlaṃ śūlakīlakasambhavam / duḥkhaṃ yacchati tadvacca śirorogādi duḥsaham

Translation

သို့သော် အပြစ်သည် ပိုမိုများပြား၍ ကြမ်းတမ်းလေးလံလာသောအခါ၊ လှံ သို့မဟုတ် တိုင်ဖြင့် ထိုးထိသကဲ့သို့ နာကျင်မှုကို ပေးတတ်သည်; ထို့အတူ ခေါင်းကိုက်ခြင်းနှင့် အခြားရောဂါများကဲ့သို့ မခံနိုင်သော ဒုက္ခကိုလည်း ဖြစ်စေသည်။

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Viśeṣya (विशेष्य/अनुवृत्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Neuter, Nom/Acc, Singular); सर्वनाम

• prabhūta-taram: more abundant/greater
• prabhūta-taram: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prabhūta + tara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तरप्-प्रत्यय (comparative)

• sthūlam: gross/severe
• sthūlam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sthūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• śūla-kīlaka-sambhavam: arising from a spear/nail (piercing injury)
• śūla-kīlaka-sambhavam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śūla + kīlaka + sambhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (source sense: 'arising from spear and nail')

• duḥkham: pain
• duḥkham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• yacchati: gives/causes
• yacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yam (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (Present indicative, 3rd person singular)

• tadvat: likewise
• tadvat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadvat (अव्यय/तद्धित)
• Form: अव्यय; तद्वत्-प्रत्ययान्त (indeclinable: 'like that/in the same way')

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• śiras-roga-ādi: headache and the like
• śiras-roga-ādi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śiras + roga + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (śiras-roga = 'head-disease') + ādi (etc.)

• duḥsaham: hard to bear
• duḥsaham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥsaha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Dialogue setting (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma proportionality
• Disease as consequence
• Suffering
• Ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Heavier wrongdoing produces heavier distress, including severe bodily suffering. The verse frames pain as intelligibly connected to moral causation, encouraging restraint and restitution.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/karma-phala teaching; not a direct exposition of the five Purāṇic characteristics.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Spear/stake’ imagery conveys piercing saṃskāras: intensified negative impressions that ‘impale’ the mind-body system, manifesting as acute disturbances.