Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 11, Shloka 29

Adhyaya 11 — The Son’s Discourse on Embryogenesis, Birth, and the Wheel of Saṃsāra

Sanskrit

कामेर्ष्याक्रोधसम्बन्धं यौवने चातिदुःसहम् ।

दुःखप्राया वृद्धता च मरणे दुःखमुत्तमम् ॥

Transliteration

kāmerṣyā-krodha-sambandhaṁ yauvane cāti-duḥsaham | duḥkha-prāyā vṛddhatā ca maraṇe duḥkham uttamam ||

Translation

လူငယ်ဘဝ၌ တဏှာ၊ မနာလိုမှုနှင့် ဒေါသတို့နှင့် ပေါင်းသင်းနေရခြင်းသည် အလွန်ခံရခက်၏။ အိုမင်းခြင်းလည်း အများအားဖြင့် ဝမ်းနည်းမှုဖြစ်၍—သေချိန်၌တော့ ဒုက္ခသည် အကြီးဆုံးဖြစ်၏။

Word by Word

• काम: desire
• काम: Sambandha (समास-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• ईर्ष्या: envy
• ईर्ष्या: Sambandha (समास-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईर्ष्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• क्रोध: anger
• क्रोध: Sambandha (समास-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• सम्बन्धम्: connection/association (with desire, envy, anger)
• सम्बन्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc/कर्म), एकवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (काम-ईर्ष्या-क्रोधानां सम्बन्धः)

• यौवने: in youth
• यौवने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यौवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• अतिदुःसहम्: extremely hard to bear
• अतिदुःसहम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति-दुःसह (प्रातिपदिक; √सह् (धातु) + खल्/अच्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (अति + दुःसहः)

• दुःखप्राया: mostly full of sorrow
• दुःखप्राया: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःख-प्राय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom), एकवचन; विशेषण; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः/षष्ठीभावः (दुःखं प्रायः यस्याः)

• वृद्धता: old age
• वृद्धता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom/कर्ता), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• मरणे: in death
• मरणे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• उत्तमम्: supreme/most intense
• उत्तमम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Putra to Pitṛ

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Kleśas (passions)
• Ethical restraint
• Impermanence
• Mokṣa

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Youth is not automatically ‘happy’; it is often dominated by turbulent passions. Mastery of desire, envy, and anger is presented as essential dharma and as preparation for liberation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic instruction related to dharma (self-control) and the limits of worldly life; not a direct pancalakṣaṇa narrative unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘three fires’ (kāma–īrṣyā–krodha) are inner narakas; conquering them is a microcosmic liberation that anticipates freedom from the larger saṃsāra-cycle.