Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 10, Shloka 75

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

नीयमानः स्वकं गेहं द्वादशाहं स पश्यति ।

उपभुङ्क्ते तथा दत्तं तोयपिण्डादिकं भुवि ॥

Transliteration

nīyamānaḥ svakaṃ gehaṃ dvādaśāhaṃ sa paśyati /

upabhuṅkte tathā dattaṃ toyapiṇḍādikaṃ bhuvi

Translation

ဦးဆောင်ခံရသည့်အခါ တစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်ရက်တိုင်တိုင် မိမိအိမ်ကို မြင်ရသည်။ ထို့ပြင် မြေပြင်ပေါ်၌ ပူဇော်သည့် အရာများ—ရေ၊ ပိဏ္ဍ (piṇḍa) နှင့် အလားတူအရာတို့ကိုလည်း စားသုံးရသည်။

Word by Word

• nīyamānaḥ: being led (away)
• nīyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nī (धातु) उपसर्गः ni-
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present passive participle sense) ‘नीयमान’, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘saḥ’ (the departed being)

• svakam: his own
• svakam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘geham’

• geham: house, home
• geham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: geha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• dvādaśa-aham: for twelve days
• dvādaśa-aham: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dvādaśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + aha(n) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (dvādaśa ahāni = ‘for twelve days’), अव्ययवत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• paśyati: sees
• paśyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• upabhuṅkte: enjoys/partakes
• upabhuṅkte: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhuj (धातु) उपसर्गः upa-
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• dattam: given (offered)
• dattam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: datta (दा-धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle) ‘given’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘toyapiṇḍādikam’

• toya-piṇḍa-ādikam: water, piṇḍa, and the like (offerings)
• toya-piṇḍa-ādikam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: toya (प्रातिपदिक) + piṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + ādika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समाहार-द्वन्द्व (toyaṃ ca piṇḍaś ca…; ādika = ‘etc.’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• bhuvi: on earth/on the ground
• bhuvi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not provided in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Antyeṣṭi
• Dvādasha-aha (twelve-day period)
• Śrāddha offerings
• Liminal afterlife

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The twelve-day window underscores urgency and importance of timely rites: offerings are portrayed as immediately relevant to the departed’s condition.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ritual-dharma instruction; not a pañcalakṣaṇa core category.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘twelve days’ signals a transitional phase where the subtle body remains close to familiar loci; rites stabilize passage from household identity to the next juridical/spiritual stage under Yama.