Shloka 11

अध्याय ७२ — राजधर्मः: प्रजारक्षण, कर-नीति, दण्ड-नीति, अमात्य-नियोजन

Chapter 72 — Royal Duty: protection of subjects, taxation, punishment, and appointments

Devanagari script

दापयित्वा कर धर्म्य राष्ट्र नीत्या यथाविधि । तथैतं कल्पयेद्‌ राजा योगक्षेममतन्द्रित:

Transliteration

Bhīṣma uvāca: dāpayitvā karaṃ dharmyaṃ rāṣṭra-nītyā yathā-vidhi | tathaitaṃ kalpayet rājā yoga-kṣemam atandritaḥ ||

Translation

ဘိဿမက ဆိုသည်– «နိုင်ငံရေးနည်းလမ်းနှင့် ဥပဒေစည်းကမ်းအတိုင်း တရားသင့်သော အခွန်ကို စနစ်တကျ ကောက်ခံပြီးနောက်၊ မပျင်းမနာ မလျော့လျားဘဲ မင်းသည် ပြည်သူတို့၏ ချမ်းသာရေးနှင့် လုံခြုံရေး (ယောဂက္ခေမ) ကို စီမံကာကွယ်ပေးရမည်»။

Word by Word

• दापयित्वा: having caused (to) give / having levied (made pay)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दापय् (√दा caus.)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भावे, —, —, —

• करम्: tax
• करम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• धर्म्यम्: righteous, in accordance with dharma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म्य
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• राष्ट्रम्: kingdom, realm
• राष्ट्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• नीत्या: by policy, by proper governance
• नीत्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नीति
• Form: स्त्री, तृतीया, एकवचन

• यथा: as, according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• विधि: rule, prescribed procedure
• विधि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि
• Form: पुं, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एतम्: this (one/this matter)
• एतम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कल्पयेत्: should arrange, should provide
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कॢप् (कल्पयति)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, optative, प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• योगक्षेमम्: welfare and security (acquisition & protection)
• योगक्षेमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: योगक्षेम
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अतन्द्रितः: unwearied, vigilant, not negligent
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतन्द्रित
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• rājā (the king)
• prajā (subjects, implied by yoga-kṣema context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A king may collect taxes, but only lawfully and in line with dharma and sound governance; the purpose of revenue is not personal gain but vigilant provision for the people’s yoga-kṣema—their prosperity, stability, and protection.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s instruction on royal duty (rājadharma) in the Śānti Parva, he advises the ruler on proper fiscal conduct: collect rightful taxes by due procedure and then actively organize the welfare and security of the subjects without negligence.