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Shloka 24

Adhyāya 78 — Bhīṣma’s Advance, Duryodhana’s Rally, and Concurrent Duels (भीष्मस्याभ्युद्यमः, दुर्योधनस्योत्साहवचनम्, विविधयुद्धवर्णनम्)

प्रतीयू रथिनो नागा नागांश्व रथिनो ययु: । हयारोहान्‌ रथारोहा रथिनश्लापि सादिन:,रथियोंकी ओर हाथी और हाथियोंकी ओर रथी बढ़े। घुड़सवारोंपर रथारोही तथा रथारोहियोंपर घुड़-सवार चढ़ आये

pratīyur rathino nāgā nāgāṁś ca rathino yayuḥ | hayārohān rathārohā rathināś cāpi sādinaḥ ||

သဉ္ဇယက ပြောသည်—ဆင်စစ်သည်တို့သည် ရထားစစ်သည်တို့ထံ တိုးဝင်လာကြပြီး၊ ရထားစစ်သည်တို့လည်း ဆင်တပ်ကို ပြန်လည်တက်ရောက်ကြသည်။ ရထားပေါ်မှ စစ်သည်တို့သည် မြင်းစီးတပ်ကို တိုက်ခိုက်ဝင်ရောက်ကြပြီး၊ မြင်းတပ်လည်း ရထားစစ်သည်တို့ထံ ပြန်လည်တိုးဝင်လာကြသည်။ တပ်မတော်၏ အင်အားခွဲတိုင်းသည် မိမိနှိုင်းယှဉ်ရာနှင့် ထိတွေ့ကာ စစ်မြေပြင်၌ ပြင်းထန်စွာ ချိတ်ဆက်တိုက်ခိုက်ကြသည်။

प्रतीयुःadvanced, moved forward
प्रतीयुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-इ (धातु: इ)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (past narrative), 3, plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
नागान्elephants (as object/target)
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अश्व-रथिनःhorse(-mounted) chariot-warriors / horsemen (contextual)
अश्व-रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व + रथिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
ययुःwent, charged
ययुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु: या)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (past narrative), 3, plural
हयारोहान्horse-riders
हयारोहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय + आरोह
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
रथारोहाःchariot-riders
रथारोहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + आरोह
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
रथारोहिणःthose mounted on chariots
रथारोहिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + आरोहिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सादिनःcavalrymen, riders
सादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसादिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
rathinaḥ (chariot-warriors)
N
nāgāḥ (war-elephants)
H
hayārohāḥ (horsemen/cavalry)
R
rathārohāḥ (chariot-riders)

Educational Q&A

The verse is primarily descriptive rather than doctrinal: it highlights the ordered yet violent engagement of different military divisions. Implicitly, it reflects the kṣatriya-world of the epic, where disciplined confrontation and role-based duty (dharma as one’s function in war) frame the chaos of battle.

Sañjaya reports a clash of arms on the battlefield: elephant units move against chariot fighters, chariot fighters counter the elephants, chariot-riders attack horsemen, and cavalry press back against the charioteers—depicting a simultaneous, reciprocal charge among the main combat branches.