Shloka 5

Īśvara-gītā (Adhyāya 2) — Ātma-svarūpa, Māyā, and the Unity of Sāṅkhya–Yoga

Devanagari script

सो ऽन्तर्यामी स पुरुषः स प्राणः स महेश्वरः / स कालो ऽग्निस्तदव्यक्तं स एवेदमिति श्रुतिः

Transliteration

so 'ntaryāmī sa puruṣaḥ sa prāṇaḥ sa maheśvaraḥ / sa kālo 'gnistadavyaktaṃ sa evedamiti śrutiḥ

Translation

သူသည် အတွင်းအုပ်စိုးရှင် (အန္တర్యာမီ) ဖြစ်၏; သူသည် ပုရုရှ (ပုရုṣa) ဖြစ်၏; သူသည် ပရာဏ (အသက်ရှု) ဖြစ်၏; သူသည် မဟေရှဝရ (မဟာသခင်) ဖြစ်၏။ သူသည် ကာလ (အချိန်) ဖြစ်၏; သူသည် အဂ္နိ (မီး) ဖြစ်၏; ထိုအဗျက္တ (မထင်ရှားသော) လည်း သူပင်—ရှရုတိက «ဤအရာအားလုံးသည် သူတစ်ပါးတည်း» ဟု ကြေညာသည်။

Word by Word

• सः: he/that (one)
• सः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अन्तर्यामी: the inner ruler
• अन्तर्यामी: विशेष्य (Appositive predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तर् + यामिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: अन्तर् यामिन् (“inner controller”)

• सः: he
• सः: विशेष्य (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पुरुषः: the Person
• पुरुषः: विशेष्य (Appositive predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: विशेष्य (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्राणः: the vital breath
• प्राणः: विशेष्य (Appositive predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: विशेष्य (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• महेश्वरः: the Great Lord
• महेश्वरः: विशेष्य (Appositive predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: महान् ईश्वरः (“great lord”)

• सः: he
• सः: विशेष्य (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कालः: Time
• कालः: विशेष्य (Appositive predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अग्निः: Fire
• अग्निः: विशेष्य (Appositive predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: विशेष्य (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अव्यक्तम्: the unmanifest
• अव्यक्तम्: विशेषण/विशेष्य (Predicate adjective/noun)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एव: indeed, alone
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle of emphasis)

• इदम्: this (all)
• इदम्: विशेष्य (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (here: predicate “this”)

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्यसमाप्ति/उद्धरण (Quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-निपात (quotative particle)

• श्रुतिः: the scripture/śruti
• श्रुतिः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रुति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) speaking in a Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis tone, identifying the Supreme as Antaryamin and Maheśvara

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Antaryamin
• Purusha
• Prana
• Maheshvara
• Kala
• Agni
• Avyakta
• Shruti

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It identifies the Supreme as the indwelling Antaryāmin who is simultaneously Puruṣa, Prāṇa, and the Lord—implying one reality appearing as inner consciousness, life-force, and cosmic governance.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse supports Antaryāmin-upāsanā: meditation on the indwelling Lord as the life-breath (prāṇa) and inner witness, a foundation for disciplined Yoga and theistic contemplation aligned with Purāṇic Pāśupata-Vedāntic practice.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

By calling the Supreme “Maheśvara” while spoken in the Kurma/Vishnu voice, it presents a non-sectarian unity: the one Lord is named through both Vaiṣṇava and Śaiva titles.