Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 13
Chapter 360 — अव्ययवर्गाः
Groups of Indeclinables
नाम प्राकाश्यसम्भाव्यक्रोधोपगमकुत्सने अलं भूषणपर्याप्तिशक्तिवारणवाचकम्
nāma prākāśyasambhāvyakrodhopagamakutsane alaṃ bhūṣaṇaparyāptiśaktivāraṇavācakam
မပြောင်းလဲသော စကားလုံး «nāma» သည် ထင်ရှားစေခြင်း၊ ဖြစ်နိုင်ခြေ၊ ဒေါသ၊ လက်ခံသဘောတူခြင်း၊ နှင့် ပြစ်တင်ကဲ့ရဲ့ခြင်းတို့ကို ဖော်ပြသည်။ ထို့ပြင် အဗျယ «alam» သည် အလှဆင်ခြင်း၊ လုံလောက်ခြင်း၊ စွမ်းရည်ရှိခြင်း၊ နှင့် တားမြစ်ထိန်းချုပ်ခြင်းကို ဆိုလိုရန် သုံးသည်။
Lord Agni (instructing the sage Vasiṣṭha)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Vyakarana","secondary_vidya":"Alamkara","practical_application":"Use 'nāma' and 'alam' with correct pragmatic force in dialogue, commentary, and poetry—signaling disclosure, possibility, anger, assent, censure; and ornament, sufficiency, capability, or prohibition.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Avyaya-artha: nāma; alam","lookup_keywords":["nāma","alam","avyaya-artha","kutsana","paryapti"],"quick_summary":"'Nāma' is polysemous across disclosure/possibility/affect/assent/censure; 'alam' ranges from adornment to sufficiency, competence, and restraint—key for accurate interpretation."}
Alamkara Type: Vakrokti/arthantaranyasa potential (pragmatic particles shaping tone)
Concept: Small particles encode speaker-attitude (bhāva) and discourse function; meaning is not only referential but pragmatic.
Application: When translating/commenting, render 'nāma' sometimes as ‘indeed/so-called/you know’ depending on anger/assent/censure; render 'alam' as ‘enough/stop’ (prohibition) vs ‘sufficient’ (paryāpti) vs ‘capable’ (śakti).
Khanda Section: Vyakarana / Nama-varga (Lexicography and grammatical semantics)
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: hasya
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A semantic chart contrasts 'nāma' (disclosure, possibility, anger, assent, censure) and 'alam' (ornament, sufficiency, capability, prohibition) with small vignettes of each usage.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, two-column panel: left 'नाम' with five small narrative icons (announcement, pondering possibility, angry face, nodding assent, pointing in censure); right 'अलम्' with four icons (adornment, full vessel for sufficiency, strong arm for capability, raised palm for prohibition).","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style with gold borders, central manuscript page titled 'नाम/अलम्', inset gilded motifs: jewelry (bhūṣaṇa), filled granary (paryāpti), warrior’s arm (śakti), stop-gesture (vāraṇa).","mysore_prompt":"Mysore instructional painting, neatly labeled infographic of senses with arrows and short Sanskrit glosses, teacher pointing to 'नाम' and 'अलम्'.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature of a scribe’s workshop; marginal mini-scenes depict the pragmatic tones of 'nāma' and 'alam', with elegant cartouches for each sense."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्राकाश्य+सम्भाव्य+क्रोध+उपगम+कुत्सने → समाहार-द्वन्द्व समास; भूषण+पर्याप्ति+शक्ति+वारण+वाचकम् → तत्पुरुष-समास (वाचक-प्रधान)
Related Themes: Agni Purana 360 (avyaya-varga continuation)
FAQs
It imparts Vyākaraṇa-vidyā: the precise semantic functions of the indeclinables “nāma” and “alam,” useful for correct interpretation and composition of Sanskrit sentences.
By cataloging grammatical and lexicographic meanings of common particles, the Agni Purana functions not only as a mythic text but also as a compact reference manual for Sanskrit semantics and scholastic learning.
Accurate understanding of śabda (word) and artha (meaning) supports correct recitation, study, and teaching of sacred texts; such disciplined learning is traditionally regarded as a purifying merit (puṇya) and an aid to right knowledge.