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Agni Purana — Ayurveda, Shloka 65

अश्ववाहनसारः

Aśvavāhana-sāra) — Essentials of Horses as Mounts (and Horse-Treatment

शूद्रो ऽशुचिश् चलो मन्दो विरूपो विमतिः खलः वल्गया धार्यमाणो ऽश्वो लालकं यश् च दर्शयेत्

śūdro 'śuciś calo mando virūpo vimatiḥ khalaḥ valgayā dhāryamāṇo 'śvo lālakaṃ yaś ca darśayet

သုဒ္ဒရ—မသန့်ရှင်း၊ အပြောင်းအလဲမြန်၊ မထက်မြက်၊ ရုပ်သဏ္ဌာန်မလှ၊ အမြင်အာရုံလွဲ၊ အကြမ်းဖက်စိတ်ရှိသူ—နှင့်တူ၍ ကြိုးဖြင့်ထိန်းချုပ်ထားရသော မြင်း၊ ပါးစပ်မှ တံတွေးယိုပြသသော မြင်းတို့သည် အမင်္ဂလာလက္ခဏာများဟု သိမှတ်ရသည်။

śūdraḥa Śūdra (low-caste person)
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative, 1st), Ekavacana (Singular)
aśuciḥimpure
aśuciḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootaśuci (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa (adjective) qualifying śūdraḥ
calaḥrestless, fickle
calaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa
mandaḥdull, slow
mandaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmanda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa
virūpaḥdeformed, ugly
virūpaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa
vimatiḥbad intellect, wrong-mindedness
vimatiḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-सम्बन्ध/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootvi-mati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā, Ekavacana; bhāva-vācaka (abstract noun) used predicatively
khalaḥa rogue, wicked person
khalaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-सम्बन्ध/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootkhala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicative noun
valgayāwith a rein/bridle
valgayā:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvalgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana
dhāryamāṇaḥbeing held/controlled
dhāryamāṇaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhṛ (धातु) + śānac (शानच्) (Kṛdanta)
FormVartamāna-kāla (present) karmaṇi (passive) participle; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of aśvaḥ
aśvaḥhorse
aśvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootaśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
lālakamsaliva/foam (dribbling)
lālakam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootlālaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana
yaḥwho/which
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (pronoun); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun referring to aśvaḥ
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/particle)
darśayetshould show, would display
darśayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (Optative/Potential), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana; causative sense possible in usage (to show)

Lord Agni (in dialogue to Sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Arthashastra","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Reading inauspicious omens in persons and horses for royal travel, purchase, deployment, and court decisions; avoiding bad portents in statecraft.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Aśubha-śakuna: Inauspicious signs in a Śūdra and in horses (reins/slavering)","lookup_keywords":["śakuna","aśubha-lakṣaṇa","aśva-lakṣaṇa","lālaka (slavering)","pragraha (reins)"],"quick_summary":"Certain behavioral/physical traits are treated as inauspicious omens; a horse needing constant restraint or showing mouth-slaver is a bad sign for acquisition or undertaking."}

Concept: Rājadharma uses śakuna (omens) as a prudential tool to avert harm and preserve order.

Application: Before journeys, purchases, or deployments, screen for adverse signs and postpone/replace agents or animals.

Khanda Section: Shakuna-vidya (Omens and Physiognomy) / Rajadharma-Upanga

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A royal stable/court scene where an attendant restrains a restless horse with tight reins while the horse slavering at the mouth is pointed out as an inauspicious sign; an omen-reader advises the king.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala temple mural style, flat bold colors, stylized king and omen-reader in court, restless horse with foamy mouth held by groom, palm-leaf manuscript, auspicious/inauspicious motifs, traditional ornaments","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-leaf highlights on royal throne and ornaments, groom holding reins of a foaming horse, sage-like śakuna-śāstrin gesturing warning, rich red/green background, temple-lamp details","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, delicate linework, instructional stable scene, labeled reins and mouth-slaver sign, calm advisor explaining to prince, muted palette with fine shading","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed court and stable architecture, naturalistic horse with visible saliva, attendants restraining with reins, astrologer/omen-reader presenting counsel, intricate textiles and borders"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: ऽ = avagraha: śūdro + aśuciḥ; dhāryamāṇaḥ + aśvaḥ. aśuciś = aśuciḥ (visarga before c). yaś = yaḥ (visarga before c).

Related Themes: Agni Purana 287 (Śakuna-vidyā / Rājadharma-upāṅga); Agni Purana 287-288 (transition to Aśva-lakṣaṇa/Śālihotra)

A
Agni
V
Vasiṣṭha
Ś
Śūdra
A
Aśva (horse)

FAQs

It teaches shakuna-vidyā: identifying inauspicious indicators from a person’s observable traits and from a horse’s behavior (needing constant restraint, frothing/slavering), useful for decisions like travel, purchase, or royal expeditions.

Beyond theology, the Agni Purana compiles applied knowledge for governance and daily life; this verse exemplifies its catalog of predictive signs (human/animal lakṣaṇas) used in statecraft, commerce, and planning.

It frames prudence as dharmic conduct: avoiding inauspicious circumstances helps prevent harm and unfavorable outcomes, aligning action with orderly, auspicious timing and conditions.