Varaha Purana 116.43: Adhyaya 116, Shloka 43

An Exposition on the Causes of Happiness and Suffering

Devanagari script

यो मां नैव प्रपद्येत ततो दुःखतरं नु किम् ॥ सर्वाशी सर्वविक्रेता नमस्कारविवर्जितः ॥

Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana 116.43

Transliteration

yo māṃ naiva prapadyeta tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim | sarvāśī sarvavikretā namaskāravivarjitaḥ ||

Translation

Apakah yang lebih menyakitkan daripada orang yang tidak berlindung kepada-Ku? Dia menjadi orang yang makan apa sahaja tanpa pertimbangan, menjual apa sahaja tanpa pertimbangan, dan tidak mempunyai namaskara (sikap hormat dan salam).

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Word by Word

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• eva: at all/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)

• prapadyeta: would surrender/seek refuge
• prapadyeta: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra√pad (धातु)
• Form: Optative/Potential (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• tataḥ: than that; from that
• tataḥ: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय/तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण), 'than that/from that'

• duḥkha-taram: more painful/worse
• duḥkha-taram: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkhatara (प्रातिपदिक; tara-तुलनात्मक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); comparative

• nu: indeed? / then?
• nu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nu (अव्यय)
• Form: Interrogative particle (प्रश्नार्थ-निपात)

• kim: what
• kim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• sarva-āśī: one who eats anything
• sarva-āśī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + āśin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: 'eating everything'

• sarva-vikretā: seller of everything
• sarva-vikretā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + vikretṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'seller of everything'

• namaskāra-vivarjitaḥ: devoid of reverence/salutation
• namaskāra-vivarjitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: namaskāra (प्रातिपदिक) + vivarjita (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); नञ्/विवर्जित-भाव: 'devoid of salutations'; compound functioning adjectivally

Speaker

Varāha

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Vaishnavism
• Moral Psychology
• Purāṇic Nīti

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It exemplifies a Purāṇic rhetorical method: describing moral deterioration through social markers (discourtesy, indiscriminate conduct) to contrast with ideal behavior.

Which geographic location is identified?

No geographic location is identified.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The verse warns against a pattern of irreverence and indiscriminate conduct, presenting them as symptoms of deeper ethical disorientation.