HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 14Shloka 5
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Shloka 5

Rules of Purity (Shauca)Rules of Purity (Śauca), Permissible Foods, and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

स्वाध्यायो ऽथाग्निशुश्रुषा स्नानं भिक्षाटनं तथा गुरोर्निंवेद्य तच्चाद्यमनुज्ञातेन सर्वदा

svādhyāyo 'thāgniśuśruṣā snānaṃ bhikṣāṭanaṃ tathā gurorniṃvedya taccādyamanujñātena sarvadā

“Swādhyāya (pengajian diri), khidmat terhadap api suci (agni), mandi penyucian, dan pergi meminta sedekah makanan—setelah mempersembahkan laporan kepada guru, hendaklah dia sentiasa makan hanya apabila makanan itu telah diizinkan oleh guru.”

स्वाध्यायःself-study (Vedic recitation)
स्वाध्यायः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अथthen
अथ:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भ-बोधक (particle: then/now)
अग्नि-शुश्रूषाservice to the sacred fire
अग्नि-शुश्रूषा:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + शुश्रूषा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (अग्नेः शुश्रूषा)
स्नानम्bathing
स्नानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भिक्षाटनम्going for alms
भिक्षाटनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षाटन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तथाalso
तथा:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकार-बोधक (also/likewise)
गुरोःof/to the teacher
गुरोः:
Sampradana/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
निवेद्यhaving informed / having offered
निवेद्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-विद् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund/absolutive): ‘having informed/offered’
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (here: ‘that’)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
आद्यम्first (portion)
आद्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
अनुज्ञातेनwith what is permitted / by permission
अनुज्ञातेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुज्ञात (अनु-ज्ञा धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (permitted/approved)
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)
Ṛṣis (sages) continuing instruction (narrative frame not explicit in the given excerpt)
DharmaBrahmacaryaVedic study (svādhyāya)Ritual discipline (agni)Begging for alms (bhikṣā)Guru authority

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FAQs

Learning is paired with purification and restraint: the student sustains himself through alms (minimizing possessiveness) and remains accountable to the guru, cultivating obedience and non-indulgence.

As with many Purāṇas, this is an instructional dharma segment embedded within the larger narrative; it functions as normative guidance rather than a direct lakṣaṇa unit.

Agni-service and bathing signify inner and outer purification; bhikṣā represents humility and dependence on dharma rather than personal wealth; eating only with permission reinforces mastery over appetite and ego.