HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 14Shloka 39
Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 39

Rules of Purity (Shauca)Rules of Purity (Śauca), Permissible Foods, and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

न निष्ठुरं नागमशास्त्रहीनं वाक्यं वदेत्साधुजनेन येन निन्द्यो भवेन्नैव च धर्मःएदी संगं न चासत्सु नरेषु कुर्यात्

na niṣṭhuraṃ nāgamaśāstrahīnaṃ vākyaṃ vadetsādhujanena yena nindyo bhavennaiva ca dharmaḥedī saṃgaṃ na cāsatsu nareṣu kuryāt

Seseorang yang baik tidak patut mengucapkan kata-kata kasar, atau kata-kata yang tanpa āgama dan śāstra (ajaran berautoriti), yang menyebabkan dirinya tercela di sisi orang saleh. Jangan pula menjadi pencela dharma; dan jangan bergaul dengan lelaki yang jahat.

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)
niṣṭhuramharsh
niṣṭhuram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootniṣṭhura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन (acc./nom. sg.; used adjectivally with वाक्यम्)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
āgamaśāstrahīnamdevoid of scriptural/āgama authority
āgamaśāstrahīnam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootāgama + śāstra + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (आगमशास्त्रयोः हीनम्)
vākyamspeech/statement
vākyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (object)
vadetshould speak
vadet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vad (वद् धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
sādhu-janenaby a good person
sādhu-janena:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsādhu + jana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (साधुः जनः)
yenaby which
yena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया एकवचन (instrumental sg.)
nindyaḥblameworthy
nindyaḥ:
Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnindya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (predicate adjective)
bhavetwould become
bhavet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
dharmaḥdharma/righteousness
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
edī(unclear reading; possibly ‘declines/does not prosper’)
edī:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootedī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formरूप-अनिश्चित/पाठभेदः; सम्भाव्यं ‘hīyate/īḍya/edhi’ इत्यादि। उपलब्ध-पाठे: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (as given)
saṅgamassociation/company
saṅgam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
asatsuamong the bad/evil
asatsu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootasat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन (locative pl.; used substantively ‘among the wicked’)
nareṣuamong men
nareṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन
kuryātshould do/make
kuryāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (कृ धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
Not specified in the input; commonly Pulastya → Nārada framework (to be verified with full chapter).
Right speechŚāstra-guided conductSatsaṅga vs asatsaṅgaDharma-protection

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

Speech is treated as karmically and socially consequential: it must be non-harmful (not harsh) and normatively grounded (aligned with āgama/śāstra). The verse also asserts that one’s moral trajectory is shaped by association—avoidance of asat-saṅga is itself a dharmic practice.

As with the prior verses, this is ancillary dharma-ācāra instruction embedded in the Purāṇa. It functions as a practical ethical code that undergirds the viability of vaṃśa (lineage continuity) and vaṃśānucarita (exemplary lives), though it is not itself sarga/pratisarga material.

‘Āgama’ and ‘śāstra’ symbolize the “spine” of tradition; harsh speech symbolizes uncontrolled ego. The injunction to avoid wicked company indicates that dharma is not only an internal vow but also an ecosystem—one must choose environments where dharma can survive and grow.