The Structure of Jambudvipa: Nine Varshas, Navadvipa Bharata, Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples
अङ्गा वङ्गा मुद्गरवास्त्वन्तर्गिरिबहिर्गिराः तथा प्रवङ्गा वाङ्गेया मांसादा बलदन्तिकाः
aṅgā vaṅgā mudgaravāstvantargiribahirgirāḥ tathā pravaṅgā vāṅgeyā māṃsādā baladantikāḥ
Kaum Aṅga, Vaṅga dan Mudgarava; mereka yang mendiami pergunungan di bahagian dalam dan pergunungan di bahagian luar; demikian juga kaum Pravaṅga, Vāṅgeya, Māṃsāda dan Baladantika.
{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }
The verse reinforces inclusivity of the Purāṇic world-map: plains, riverine kingdoms, and hill peoples are all accounted for within a single civilizational memory, often relevant for tīrtha circuits and political geography.
Cosmographical/topographical description (commonly aligned with sarga-type descriptive material), serving as a supporting layer to the Purāṇa’s broader narrative aims.
The inner/outer mountain distinction encodes a graded spatial imagination—center and periphery—typical of Purāṇic ethnography, mapping cultural distance without necessarily making a theological claim in this passage.