मित्रध्रुग्ब्रह्महा गोघ्नः परदारापहारकः । मातृहा पितृहा चैव ब्रह्मस्वापहरस्तथा
mitradhrugbrahmahā goghnaḥ paradārāpahārakaḥ | mātṛhā pitṛhā caiva brahmasvāpaharastathā
Orang yang mengkhianati sahabat, pembunuh brāhmaṇa, pembunuh lembu, perampas isteri orang; pembunuh ibu, pembunuh bapa, dan juga pencuri harta milik brāhmaṇa—
Sūta (deduced; list of mahāpātakas within the Dvārakā māhātmya argument)
Scene: A stark moral tableau: shadowy figures representing different grave sins stand burdened by heavy chains; in the distance, the luminous outline of Dvārakā’s temple suggests a path from guilt to purification.
The text underscores the gravity of major sins (mahāpātakas) to highlight the extraordinary power of sacred purification taught next.
Implicitly Dvārakā (the surrounding verses connect these sins to purification through Kṛṣṇa’s darśana there).
None explicitly; the verse enumerates grave transgressions as a doctrinal setup.