तथा पापसमाचारा मनुष्याः शीलवर्जिताः । दुष्टचित्ताः सदा सर्वे तिर्यग्योनिगता अपि
tathā pāpasamācārā manuṣyāḥ śīlavarjitāḥ | duṣṭacittāḥ sadā sarve tiryagyonigatā api
Tambahan pula, manusia di sana bergelumang dengan perbuatan dosa, tanpa budi pekerti; semuanya sentiasa berhati jahat—seakan-akan jatuh ke dalam kelahiran sebagai binatang.
Raktaśṛṅga
Moral degradation is portrayed as a fall from true humanity; the implied remedy in a Tīrthamāhātmya is purification and reorientation through sacred places and dharma.
Not named in this verse; it supports the narrative frame in which Nāgabila’s sanctity counters the impurity of the mortal realm.
None explicitly; the verse functions as a moral diagnosis rather than a ritual instruction.