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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 53

Devanagari script

यश्चैवास्तमिते सूर्ये भुंक्ते च श्राद्धकृन्नरः । व्यर्थतां याति तच्छ्राद्धं तस्माद्भुंजीत नो निशि

Transliteration

yaścaivāstamite sūrye bhuṃkte ca śrāddhakṛnnaraḥ | vyarthatāṃ yāti tacchrāddhaṃ tasmādbhuṃjīta no niśi

Translation

Sesiapa yang melakukan Śrāddha lalu makan setelah Matahari terbenam, maka Śrāddha itu menjadi sia-sia. Oleh itu, janganlah makan pada waktu malam.

Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-यत् (relative pronoun)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
अस्तमितेwhen (it is) set
अस्तमिते:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्तमित (कृदन्त; √अस् + अस्तम् + क्त)
Formसप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे (past passive participle)
सूर्येin/when the sun
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन
भुङ्क्तेeats
भुङ्क्ते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
श्राद्धकृत्one who performs śrāddha
श्राद्धकृत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध + √कृ (धातु) (कृदन्त; कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (श्राद्धं करोति इति)
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
व्यर्थताम्futility/ineffectiveness
व्यर्थताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootव्यर्थता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन
यातिgoes/comes to
याति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√या (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण-रूपेण
श्राद्धम्the śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
Hetu (Reason/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचन-रूपेण निपातवत् (ablatival adverb: 'therefore/from that reason')
भुञ्जीतshould eat
भुञ्जीत:
Vidhi (Injunction/विधि)
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
निशिat night
निशि:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन
Speaker

Bhartṛyajña (instructor) to Ānarta (king) — inferred from the Śrāddha-kalpa dialogue flow

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: General injunction to the śrāddha-performer; framed with address to a ruler in the passage

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A cautionary scene: the Sun near the horizon; a śrāddha performer hastens to complete offerings and meal before dusk; the contrast of daylight sanctity versus the inauspiciousness of night-eating is implied.

Characters & Entities
S
Sūrya

FAQs

Proper timing is part of dharma: rites for the ancestors must be done within prescribed solar limits to retain their efficacy.

The instruction appears within the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra Māhātmya of the Nāgara Khaṇḍa.

Do not eat after sunset during Śrāddha; avoid night-eating so the rite does not lose its merit.

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