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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 46

Devanagari script

चत्वार्यत्र प्रकृष्टानि मुख्यतीर्थानि पार्थिव । येषु स्नाने कृते राजञ्छ्राद्धे च तदनंतरम् । सर्वेषामेव तीर्थानां स्नानजं लभ्यते फलम्

Transliteration

catvāryatra prakṛṣṭāni mukhyatīrthāni pārthiva | yeṣu snāne kṛte rājañchrāddhe ca tadanaṃtaram | sarveṣāmeva tīrthānāṃ snānajaṃ labhyate phalam

Translation

Wahai raja, di sini ada empat tīrtha utama yang amat unggul. Jika seseorang mandi di sana, lalu segera melakukan śrāddha selepas itu, maka diperolehlah pahala yang lahir daripada mandi di semua tīrtha tanpa kecuali.

Word by Word
चत्वारिfour
चत्वारि:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर् (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
प्रकृष्टानिexcellent
प्रकृष्टानि:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-विशेषण)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying चत्वारि/तीर्थानि)
मुख्यतीर्थानिprincipal sacred fords
मुख्यतीर्थानि:
Apposition (to चत्वारि)
TypeNoun
Rootमुख्य + तीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः कर्मधारय (मुख्यानि तीर्थानि)
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
येषुin which (places)
येषु:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन
स्नानेin bathing
स्नाने:
Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन
कृतेwhen (it is) done
कृते:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Circumstantial)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (Past Passive Participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
श्राद्धेin śrāddha (rite)
श्राद्धे:
Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
तत्then
तत्:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययप्रयोग (adverbial ‘then/thereafter’)
अनन्तरम्immediately after
अनन्तरम्:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/adverb of time)
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
Shashthi-sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन; विशेषण (तीर्थानाम्)
एवindeed
एव:
Nipata (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
तीर्थानाम्of (all) sacred places
तीर्थानाम्:
Shashthi-sambandha (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन
स्नानजम्born of bathing (bathing-derived)
स्नानजम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्नान + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुष (स्नानात् जातम्)
लभ्यतेis obtained
लभ्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootलभ् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)
फलम्fruit/result
फलम्:
Karta (Subject in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootफल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
Speaker

Viśvāmitra (deduced from immediate context; dialogue with the King begins explicitly at 50)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Catur-mukhya-tīrtha (four principal tīrthas) of the described kṣetra

Type: ghat

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: A king (rājendra/pārthiva)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A king is shown being instructed about four principal bathing spots; pilgrims bathe, then immediately perform śrāddha on the bank with darbha, piṇḍa, and water offerings.

Characters & Entities
V
Viśvāmitra
R
Rājā (King)
T
Tīrtha
Ś
Śrāddha

FAQs

Properly timed ritual action—bathing followed by śrāddha—concentrates tīrtha-merit and purifies one’s lineage.

A set of four ‘principal tīrthas’ located in the Nāgara Khaṇḍa’s Tīrthamāhātmya setting (named in subsequent verses).

Snāna (ritual bath) in the tīrtha(s), followed immediately by śrāddha (ancestral rite).

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