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Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 49

Devanagari script

शक्तिविषये च श्लोका भवंति । कुटुंबभुक्तवसनाद्देयं यदतिरिच्यते । मध्वास्वादो विषं पश्चाद्दातुर्धर्मोऽन्यथा भवेत्

Transliteration

śaktiviṣaye ca ślokā bhavaṃti | kuṭuṃbabhuktavasanāddeyaṃ yadatiricyate | madhvāsvādo viṣaṃ paścāddāturdharmo'nyathā bhavet

Translation

Tentang batas kemampuan, diajarkan syair ini: setelah keluarga diberi makan dan pakaian, apa yang berlebih hendaklah didermakan. Sedap pada awalnya seperti madu tetapi kemudian menjadi racun—demikianlah ‘sedekah’ si pemberi apabila dharma dilakukan dengan cara yang memudaratkan kewajipan yang wajar.

Word by Word
शक्तिविषयेregarding (one’s) capacity
शक्तिविषये:
Adhikaraṇa (Topic/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति + विषय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘शक्तेः विषयः’ (regarding capacity)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
श्लोकाःverses
श्लोकाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
भवन्तिare/occur
भवन्ति:
Kriyā (Predicate verb)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन
कुटुम्बभुक्तवसनात्from (what remains after) the family’s used clothing/needs
कुटुम्बभुक्तवसनात्:
Apādāna (Source/ablative)
TypeNoun
Rootकुटुम्ब + भुक्त + वसन (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; ‘कुटुम्बेन भुक्तं वसनं’ इति (from the clothing used by the family)
देयम्to be given
देयम्:
Karma (Thing to be given)
TypeAdjective
Rootदा (धातु) + य (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formकृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘to be given’
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma (Correlative to ‘deyam’)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक-सर्वनाम
अतिरिच्यतेremains over/is surplus
अतिरिच्यते:
Kriyā (Predicate verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअति + रिच् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)
मधु-आस्वादःthe taste of honey
मधु-आस्वादः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु + आस्वाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘मधोः आस्वादः’
विषम्poison
विषम्:
Karma/Predicative complement
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
Kāla (Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
दातुःof the giver
दातुः:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
धर्मःmerit/dharma
धर्मः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
अन्यथाotherwise
अन्यथा:
Prakāra (Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: otherwise)
भवेत्would become
भवेत्:
Kriyā (Predicate verb)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
Speaker

Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) to the sages (deduced from Māheśvarakhaṇḍa context)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A householder divides food and cloth: first to family members, then offers the remaining portion to a guest/ascetic; a symbolic honey pot and a hidden poison vial illustrate the metaphor of harmful charity.

FAQs

Dāna must be aligned with responsibility; give from surplus so that charity does not turn into harm.

No tīrtha is mentioned; the teaching concerns ethical household charity.

Support family necessities first; then donate what remains, according to one’s means.

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