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Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 40

एते विशति मुदिता नानाहारविहारिणः । ऊष्मपाः फेनपाश्चैव धूम्रपा मधुपायिनः । मदाहाराः सर्वभक्ष्यास्तथान्ये चाप्यभोजनाः

ete viśati muditā nānāhāravihāriṇaḥ | ūṣmapāḥ phenapāścaiva dhūmrapā madhupāyinaḥ | madāhārāḥ sarvabhakṣyāstathānye cāpyabhojanāḥ

Dua puluh gaṇa ini, gembira dan bersemangat, merayau dengan pelbagai makanan dan kesenangan. Ada yang meminum panas (wap), ada yang meminum buih, ada yang meminum asap, ada yang meminum madu; ada yang menjadikan mabuk sebagai santapan; ada yang memakan segala-galanya—dan ada pula yang hidup tanpa makan sama sekali.

एतेthese
एते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
विशतिtwenty
विशति:
Pradhāna-pada (Predicate/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootविशति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; संख्या-शब्द (20)
मुदिताःjoyful
मुदिताः:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुदित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘gladdened/joyful’
नानाहारविहारिणःengaged in various foods and pastimes
नानाहारविहारिणः:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना (अव्यय) + आहार + विहारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (‘नानाविध-आहार-विहारं ये कुर्वन्ति’)
ऊष्मपाःheat-drinkers
ऊष्मपाः:
Karta (Appositional subject)
TypeNoun
Rootऊष्म + पा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘ऊष्मं पिबन्ति’)
फेनपाःfoam-drinkers
फेनपाः:
Karta (Appositional subject)
TypeNoun
Rootफेन + पा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘फेनं पिबन्ति’)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic ‘indeed/just’)
धूम्रपाःsmoke-drinkers
धूम्रपाः:
Karta (Appositional subject)
TypeNoun
Rootधूम्र + पा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘धूम्रं पिबन्ति’)
मधुपायिनःhoney-drinkers
मधुपायिनः:
Karta (Appositional subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु + पायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘मधु पिबन्ति’)
मदाहाराःthose who feed on intoxication
मदाहाराः:
Karta (Appositional subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमद + आहार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘मदः आहारः येषाम्’/‘whose food is intoxication’)
सर्वभक्ष्याःeating everything
सर्वभक्ष्याः:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व + भक्ष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘सर्वं भक्ष्यं येषाम्’/‘all-eating’)
तथाalso
तथा:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकार (‘also/likewise’)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अप्यर्थ (‘also/even’)
अभोजनाःnon-eaters
अभोजनाः:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + भोजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुषार्थ (‘non-eaters’/‘without eating’)

Narrator (contextual; likely Sūta/Lomaharṣaṇa describing Śiva’s gaṇas within Māheśvarakhaṇḍa)

Listener: Pārvatī

Scene: A lively, almost surreal procession of twenty exuberant gaṇas: some ‘drink heat’, some foam, smoke, honey; some consume intoxicants; some devour everything; others remain without food—depicting supernatural physiology and ecstatic roaming.

Ś
Śiva
G
Gaṇa

FAQs

Śiva’s gaṇas embody the limitless, wondrous range of divine existence—showing that the Lord’s domain transcends ordinary bodily needs and norms.

No specific tīrtha is named in this verse; the focus is on the mahimā (greatness) of Śiva’s attendants within the Kaumārikākhaṇḍa narrative.

None is prescribed here; it is descriptive, emphasizing the extraordinary qualities of the gaṇas.