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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 5

गंगा च यमुनाचाथ नर्मदा च सरस्वती । चतुष्टयमिदं पुण्यं धुनीषु मुनिपुंगवाः

gaṃgā ca yamunācātha narmadā ca sarasvatī | catuṣṭayamidaṃ puṇyaṃ dhunīṣu munipuṃgavāḥ

Gaṅgā dan Yamunā, Narmadā dan Sarasvatī—empat serangkai yang suci ini ialah himpunan sungai keramat di antara segala sungai, wahai muni yang utama.

गङ्गाGaṅgā
गङ्गा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
यमुनाYamunā
यमुना:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयमुना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
अथthen/also
अथ:
Sambandha (Discourse marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle/adverb), अनन्तरार्थ (then/also)
नर्मदाNarmadā
नर्मदा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर्मदा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
सरस्वतीSarasvatī
सरस्वती:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसरस्वती (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
चतुष्टयम्the set of four
चतुष्टयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुष् + टय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
इदम्this
इदम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम; विशेषण
पुण्यम्holy/meritorious
पुण्यम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण
धुनीषुamong the rivers/streams
धुनीषु:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootधुनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)
मुनिपुङ्गवाःO best of sages
मुनिपुङ्गवाः:
Sambodhana (Vocative sense/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि + पुङ्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); सम्बोधनार्थे (addressing)

Mārkaṇḍeya

Tirtha: Mahānadī-catuṣṭaya (Gaṅgā–Yamunā–Narmadā–Sarasvatī)

Type: kshetra

Listener: Munayaḥ

Scene: Four river goddesses personified, each with distinct emblems, standing as a quartet before sages; Gaṅgā most radiant, Yamunā dark-blue, Narmadā serene, Sarasvatī white-golden with vīṇā symbolism.

G
Gaṅgā
Y
Yamunā
N
Narmadā
S
Sarasvatī

FAQs

The tradition highlights a foremost set of rivers whose sanctity is especially celebrated for purification and merit.

The rivers Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Narmadā, and Sarasvatī are collectively glorified as the sacred quartet.

None directly; the verse identifies the principal sacred rivers rather than prescribing a specific act.