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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 42

तावत्प्रातर्जपंस्तिष्ठेद्यावदर्धोदयो रवेः । आसनस्थो जपेन्मौनी प्रत्यगातारकोदयात्

tāvatprātarjapaṃstiṣṭhedyāvadardhodayo raveḥ | āsanastho japenmaunī pratyagātārakodayāt

Pada waktu pagi, hendaklah tekun ber-japa hingga matahari naik separuh. Duduk di atas āsana yang wajar, dalam diam (maunī), teruskan japa hingga berlalu waktu terbitnya bintang fajar.

तावत्so long; until then
तावत्:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपरिमाण/अवधि-वाचक-अव्यय (adverb of extent)
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time: morning)
जपन्reciting (muttering)
जपन्:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootजप् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘(सः) जपन्’
तिष्ठेत्should stand/remain
तिष्ठेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
यावत्until
यावत्:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअवधि-वाचक-अव्यय (correlative: as long as/until)
अर्धोदयःhalf-rising; half of the sunrise
अर्धोदयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (अर्धः उदयः)
रवेःof the sun
रवेः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन
आसनस्थःseated (remaining on a seat)
आसनस्थः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootआसन (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त, √स्था (धातु) + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (आसने स्थितः)
जपेत्should recite
जपेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
मौनीsilent; observing silence
मौनी:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमौनिन्/मौनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषणम्
प्रत्यगात्westward; turned back (from the east)
प्रत्यगात्:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रत्यक् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formदिशावाचक-अव्यय (adverb: westward/turned back)
तारकोदयात्from the rising of the stars
तारकोदयात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootतारक (प्रातिपदिक) + उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (तारकाणाम् उदयः)

Gaṇas

Tirtha: Gaṅgā in Kāśī (ghāṭa context)

Type: ghat

Listener: Dvijottama addressed

Scene: A practitioner seated on a kuśa mat at a Kāśī ghat in predawn light, mala in hand, lips closed in mauna, as the sun rises to half-height; a faint morning star fading in the sky.

J
Japa
M
Morning Sandhyā
S
Sun (Ravi)
M
Mauna (silence)

FAQs

Spiritual practice is strengthened by precision—timely japa, posture, and silence cultivate steadiness and purity.

The broader discourse belongs to Kāśī-khaṇḍa; the verse itself gives general sandhyā discipline.

Morning japa: continue until the sun is half-risen; perform seated, in silence, observing the prescribed time-window.