Previous Verse
Next Verse

Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 31

प्रथमं धर्मसर्वस्वं प्रोक्ता यन्नियमा यमाः । अतस्तेष्वेव वै यत्नः कर्तव्यो धर्ममिच्छता

prathamaṃ dharmasarvasvaṃ proktā yanniyamā yamāḥ | atasteṣveva vai yatnaḥ kartavyo dharmamicchatā

Pertama sekali—inti sari dharma—dikatakan ialah yama dan niyama. Maka sesiapa yang menginginkan dharma hendaklah berusaha bersungguh-sungguh pada kedua-duanya.

प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverbial)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbially: ‘firstly’)
धर्मसर्वस्वम्the entire essence of dharma
धर्मसर्वस्वम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + सर्वस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; समास: धर्मस्य सर्वस्वम् (the whole essence/wealth of dharma)
प्रोक्ताःhave been declared
प्रोक्ताः:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Predicate participle of ‘yamāḥ’)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+√वच् (धातु)
Formभूतकाले क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
यत्which
यत्:
Sambandha (Relative)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
नियमाःobservances (niyamas)
नियमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनियम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
यमाःrestraints (yamas)
यमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
अतःtherefore
अतः:
Hetu (Reason/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अव्यय)
Formहेतुतः/तस्मात्-अर्थे अव्यय (therefore)
तेषुin them
तेषु:
Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphasis)
वैsurely
वै:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक/खल्वर्थक अव्यय (particle)
यत्नःeffort
यत्नः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
कर्तव्यःmust be done
कर्तव्यः:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Predicate adjective of ‘yatnaḥ’)
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य (प्रातिपदिक; √कृ धातु, तव्यत् gerundive)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कृदन्त: तव्यत् (to be done)
धर्मम्dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
इच्छताby one desiring
इच्छता:
Karta (Agent in instrumental/कर्ता-निर्देश)
TypeVerb
Root√इष्/इच्छ् (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘इच्छता’ = ‘by one who desires’

Skanda

Tirtha: Kāśī

Type: kshetra

Scene: A teacher-sage on a Kāśī ghat instructs a group of pilgrims, pointing to a palm-leaf list titled ‘Yama–Niyama’; behind them rises the Viśvanātha temple spire, suggesting discipline as the gateway to sacred experience.

Y
Yama
N
Niyama

FAQs

Ethical restraints and observances are presented as the starting point and substance of dharma.

No single site is named; the verse is part of Kāśī Khaṇḍa’s dharma instruction, supporting the sanctity of life in Kāśī.

A discipline-prescription is stated: cultivate yamas and niyamas as the primary dharmic practice.