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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 14

कालमान-निर्णयः

Determination of the Measures of Time

इतरेषु ससंध्येषु ससंध्यांशेषु च त्रिषु । एकापायेन वर्तंते सहस्राणि शतानि च

itareṣu sasaṃdhyeṣu sasaṃdhyāṃśeṣu ca triṣu | ekāpāyena vartaṃte sahasrāṇi śatāni ca

Dalam masa-masa peralihan yang lain dan juga pada tiga bahagian peralihan itu, bilangan ribuan dan ratusan berjalan menurut satu kadar susut yang sama.

इतरेषुin the other (ones)
इतरेषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; 'in the other (yugas)'
स-सन्ध्येषुwith their twilights
स-सन्ध्येषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (अव्यय/उपसर्गवत् 'with') + सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावः = 'with twilight(s)'
स-सन्ध्या-अंशेषुwith their twilight-portions
स-सन्ध्या-अंशेषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (अव्यय) + सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक) + अंश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावः = 'with twilight-portions'
and
:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
त्रिषुin the three
त्रिषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; संख्या-विशेषण (itareṣu—'in the three others')
एक-अपायेनby a reduction of one (unit)
एक-अपायेन:
करण (Karaṇa/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootएक (संख्याप्रातिपदिक) + अपाय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः = 'by one less (reduction)'
वर्तन्तेcontinue/are (so)
वर्तन्ते:
क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद; 'they occur/continue'
सहस्राणिthousands
सहस्राणि:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
शतानिhundreds
शतानि:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
and
:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Cosmic Event: progressive diminution of yuga measures (eka-apāya rule)

S
Shiva

FAQs

It frames cosmic time as orderly and measurable—sandhyās and their parts diminish by a fixed rule—reminding the seeker that worldly epochs change predictably, while liberation is attained by turning to Pati (Shiva), who transcends time.

As time-cycles rise and decline, Saguna worship (Linga, mantra, pūjā) is presented in the Purāṇic tradition as a stable, accessible means to anchor devotion and purify the soul through every age’s conditions.

A practical takeaway is consistent daily sandhyā-aligned Shiva practice—japa of the Pañcākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) with steady discipline—since the verse emphasizes uniform order in time and the value of regularity.