रुद्रस्य परमात्मत्वे ब्रह्मपुत्रत्वादिसंशयप्रश्नः — Questions on Rudra’s Supremacy and His ‘Sonship’ to Brahmā
देवश्रेष्ठो विरूपाक्षो दीप्तश्शूलधरो हरः । कालात्मा भगवान् रुद्रः कपर्दी नीललोहितः
devaśreṣṭho virūpākṣo dīptaśśūladharo haraḥ | kālātmā bhagavān rudraḥ kapardī nīlalohitaḥ
Dialah yang terutama antara para dewa—Virūpākṣa, Yang bermata ajaib; Hara, pemegang trisula yang menyala; Rudra, Bhagavān yang hakikat-Nya ialah Kala (Waktu); Kapardī, pertapa berambut gimbal; Yang berseri biru dan merah.
Suta Goswami
Tattva Level: pati
Shiva Form: Rudra
Type: rudram
The verse is a contemplative listing of Rudra’s divine attributes, guiding the devotee to recognize Shiva as Pati—the supreme Lord—who removes bondage (Hara) and governs transformation through Time (kālātmā), making Him the refuge for liberation.
These epithets support Saguna-upāsanā: the devotee meditates on Shiva with auspicious forms and symbols (Virūpākṣa, śūla-dhara, kapardī). Such dhyāna naturally culminates in reverence for the Shiva-liṅga as the concentrated, worshipable presence of the same Supreme.
Use the names as a dhyāna-stotra while chanting the Panchākṣarī ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya"), visualizing Shiva as the blazing-trident bearer and all-seeing Virūpākṣa; this pairs well with traditional Shaiva observances like Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and Rudrākṣa as supports for steady remembrance.