Rig Veda 4.58.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 58, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.58

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Ghṛta (as flowing luminous essence)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एता अर्षन्ति हृद्यात्समुद्राच्छतव्रजा रिपुणा नावचक्षे । घृतस्य धारा अभि चाकशीमि हिरण्ययो वेतसो मध्य आसाम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.58.5

Transliteration

etā́ arṣanti hṛ́dyāt samudrā́c chatá-vrajā ripúṇā náva-cakṣe | ghṛtásya dhā́rā abhí cākaśīmi hiraṇyáyo vetáso mádhya āsām ||

Translation

Aliran-aliran ini mengalir dari samudra-hati, seratus jalur peredarannya, tidak terlihat oleh yang memusuhi. Aku menyaksikan arus-arus ghṛta: sebatang vetasa keemasan berdiri di tengah-tengahnya.

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Word by Word

• एताः: these (fem. pl.)
• एताः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / एता- (स्त्री.)

• अर्षन्ति: they flow / they rush
• अर्षन्ति: Kriyā (of kartā ‘एताः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ऋष् (धातु) ‘to flow, move swiftly’

• हृद्याः: heart-pleasing, dear
• हृद्याः: Kartā (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृद्य (प्रातिपदिक) < हृद् ‘heart’

• समुद्रात्: from the ocean / from the sea
• समुद्रात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• शतव्रजाः: having a hundred enclosures/paths (lit. ‘hundred-fold penned/going’)
• शतव्रजाः: Kartā (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शत-व्रज (समास-प्रातिपदिक)

• रिपुणा: by/with the deceiver, enemy
• रिपुणा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रिपु (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• अवचक्षे: I behold / I look upon
• अवचक्षे: Kriyā (speaker as kartā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-चक्ष् (धातु) ‘to look at, behold’

• घृतस्य: of ghee / of clarified butter
• घृतस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• धाराः: streams, flows
• धाराः: Karma (object of ‘अभि चाकशीमि’ as what is beheld)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धारा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• चाकशीमि: I see clearly / I behold
• चाकशीमि: Kriyā (speaker as kartā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कश्/काक्ष् (धातु) ‘to see, appear’ (Vedic); reduplicated present

• हिरण्ययः: golden
• हिरण्ययः: Kartā (of implied ‘अस्ति’ / apposition to ‘वेतसः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरण्यय (प्रातिपदिक) < हिरण्य ‘gold’

• वेतसः: reed, cane (vetasa)
• वेतसः: Kartā (nominal subject; appositional description)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेतस (प्रातिपदिक)

• मध्ये: in the middle
• मध्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• आसाम्: of these (fem. pl.)
• आसाम्: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) ‘this’