Rig Veda 4.2.18 — Mandala 4, Sukta 2, Mantra 18
Sukta 4.2
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni (narrative of divine birth; ancillary mythic figures Urvaśī)
Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
आ यूथेव क्षुमति पश्वो अख्यद्देवानां यज्जनिमान्त्युग्र । मर्तानां चिदुर्वशीरकृप्रन्वृधे चिदर्य उपरस्यायोः ॥
Transliteration
ā́ yū́theva kṣu-máti paśvó akhyad devā́nāṃ yáj jánimā́nty ùgra | mártānāṃ cid urváśīr akṛpran vṛdhé cid aryá úparasy āyóḥ ||
Translation
Seperti kawanan, daya-daya hidup yang kaya kelihatan ketika kelahiran yang dahsyat para dewa mendekat. Bahkan bagi insan fana, Urvaśī-Urvaśī (ilham yang luas-bercahaya) dibentuk; bahkan demi pertumbuhan, yang mulia menemukan daya hidup yang lebih tinggi.
Word by Word
आtowards, hither
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (upasarga) अथवा ā (avyaya)
यूथेवlike a herd
यूथेव:
—
TypeIndeclinable (simile phrase)
Rootयूथ (prātipadika) + इव (avyaya)
क्षुमतिin prosperity; in a thriving state
क्षुमति:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुमत् (adj. prātipadika)
पश्वःof cattle
पश्वः:
Sambandha (genitival relation)
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (prātipadika)
अख्यत्he/it perceived; he made known
अख्यत्:
Kriyā (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√ख्या (ख्यायते/आख्याति) ‘to see, perceive, proclaim’
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
Sambandha (genitival)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (prātipadika)
यत्what; that which
यत्:
Karma (of ‘अख्यत्’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
जनिमbirth; origin
जनिम:
Karma (apposition to यत्)
TypeNoun
Rootजनि (prātipadika; from √जन्)
अन्तिnear; in the presence of
अन्ति:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्ति (avyaya)
उग्रO mighty one
उग्र:
Sambodhana
TypeAdjective (vocative)
Rootउग्र (adj. prātipadika)
मर्तानाम्of mortals
मर्तानाम्:
Sambandha (genitival)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (prātipadika)
चित्even; indeed
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (avyaya)
उर्वशीःthe Urvaśīs (nymphs); wide-shining ones
उर्वशीः:
Kartā (of ‘अकृप्रन्’)
TypeNoun (proper/common)
Rootउर्वशी (prātipadika)
अकृप्रन्they made ready; they prepared/arranged
अकृप्रन्:
Kriyā (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√कृप्/कॢप् (Vedic) ‘to be fitting/ready; to arrange’ (aorist plural)
वृधेfor increase; for growth
वृधे:
Sampradāna (purpose/beneficiary)
TypeNoun
Rootवृध् (prātipadika from √वृध् ‘to grow’) / वृध (noun ‘growth, increase’)
चित्even
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (avyaya)
अर्यःthe Arya; the noble man
अर्यः:
Kartā (implicit with following relation; or topic noun)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्य (prātipadika)
उपरस्यायोःof/in the two upper regions; of the two heights
उपरस्यायोः:
Adhikaraṇa / Sambandha (contextual: ‘in/at’ or ‘of’ the two upper regions)
TypeAdjective (dual gen./loc.)
Rootउपर (prātipadika) + स्य (possessive/relational) → उपरस्य (adj.)
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