Rig Veda 10.31.11: Mandala 10, Sukta 31, Mantra 11

Sukta 10.31

Rishi: Kavaṣa Ailūṣa (traditional; uncertain); explicit mention of Kaṇva suggests intertextual linkage to Kaṇva seer-family

Devata: Ṛta as governing principle; luminous power (ruśat) overcoming kṛṣṇa (darkness); nṛ-sad powers (divinities seated in man)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उत कण्वं नृषदः पुत्रमाहुरुत श्यावो धनमादत्त वाजी । प्र कृष्णाय रुशदपिन्वतोधॠतमत्र नकिरस्मा अपीपेत् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.31.11

Transliteration

utá káṇvaṃ nṛ-sádaḥ putrám āhuḥ utá śyā́vo dhánam ā́datta vājī́ | prá kṛṣṇā́ya rúśad apinvátodhá ṛtám atra nákir asmai apīpet ||

Translation

Dan mereka menamakan Kaṇva sebagai putera kuasa-kuasa yang bersemayam di kalangan manusia; dan Śyāva, sang pelumba, telah mengambil kekayaan. Bagi yang gelap, Yang Bercahaya telah memenuhi ambing hingga melimpah; di sini tiada sesiapa pun mengurangkan baginya ṛta—pertambahan sejatinya tetap terpelihara.

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Word by Word

• उत: and; also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• कण्वम्: Kanva (the seer)
• कण्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: कण्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• नृषदः: Nṛṣad (name/epithet: ‘sitting among men’)
• नृषदः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/epithet
• Root: नृषद् (प्रातिपदिक; नृ- + सद्)

• पुत्रम्: son
• पुत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• आहुः: they have said; they call
• आहुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (धातु; ‘to say’)

• उत: and; also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• श्यावः: Śyāva (the dark one; a person/epithet)
• श्यावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper name/epithet)
• Root: श्याव (प्रातिपदिक)

• धनम्: wealth; prize
• धनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)

• आदत्त: took; seized; received
• आदत्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) + आ- (उपसर्ग)

• वाजी: the prize-winner; racer; vigorous one
• वाजी: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र

• कृष्णाय: for/to the black one (Kṛṣṇa)
• कृष्णाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• रुशत्: shining; bright
• रुशत्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: रुश् (धातु; ‘to shine, be bright’) → रुशत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• अपिन्वत: made swell; strengthened; filled
• अपिन्वत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पिव्/पिन् (धातु; ‘to swell, make abound’) + अपि- (उपसर्ग)

• उद: up; out
• उद: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उद्

• ऋतम्: ṛta; cosmic order; truth
• ऋतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• नकिः: no one
• नकिः: Kartā
• Type: Indeclinable/Pronoun-like
• Root: नकिस् (प्रातिपदिक/avyaya-pronoun)

• अस्मै: to him
• अस्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अयम्/इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्मद्

• अपीपेत्: drank; would drink
• अपीपेत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (धातु; ‘to drink’) + अपि- (उपसर्ग)