Rig Veda 10.161.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 161, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.161

Rishi: Healing/recall hymn context (RV 10.161); rishi attribution varies by Anukramaṇī

Devata: Implicitly the healing power; Nirṛti and Mṛtyu are named as opposing forces; operative divine help may be Indra-Agni by hymn continuity

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदि क्षितायुर्यदि वा परेतो यदि मृत्योरन्तिकं नीत एव । तमा हरामि निॠतेरुपस्थादस्पार्षमेनं शतशारदाय ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.161.2

Transliteration

yádi kṣitā́yur yádi vā páréto yádi mṛtyór ántikaṃ nī́ta evá | tám ā́ harāmi nírṛter upásthād áspārṣam enaṃ śatáśāradāya ||

Translation

Jika umur yang ditetapkan telah habis, atau jika ia telah melampaui, atau jika ia telah dibawa dekat kepada Maut—namun aku tetap membawanya kembali dari pangkuan Nirṛti. Aku memulihkannya tanpa tersentuh, untuk seratus musim gugur (segenap rentang hidup).

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Word by Word

• यदि: if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (avyaya)

• क्षितायुः: one whose life is diminished/shortened
• क्षितायुः: Kartā (of implied ‘is/has become’ in the conditional clause)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: क्षितायु (प्रातिपदिक; क्षिति + आयुस्)

• यदि: if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (avyaya)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (avyaya)

• परेतः: gone forth; departed (as if dead)
• परेतः: Kartā (in the conditional clause)
• Type: Adjective/Participle used substantively
• Root: परेत (ppp of √इ with परा-; ‘gone away’)

• यदि: if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (avyaya)

• मृत्योः: of death
• मृत्योः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of death’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्तिकम्: near; into proximity
• अन्तिकम्: Adhikaraṇa (goal/limit: ‘near’)
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially)
• Root: अन्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)

• नीतः: (has been) led
• नीतः: Kartā (patient-subject of passive: ‘has been led’)
• Type: Participle (passive past)
• Root: √नी (नी + त; ppp)

• एव: indeed; just
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (avyaya)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• आ: back; towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (upasarga/avyaya)

• हरामि: I bring/take (him) back
• हरामि: Kriyā (with speaker as Kartā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हृ (हर्) with आ-

• निः: out of; away from
• निः: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: निः/निस् (upasarga/avyaya)

• ऋतेः: of Nirr̥ti (goddess of dissolution/misfortune)
• ऋतेः: Apādāna (source: ‘from Nirr̥ti’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निऋति (प्रातिपदिक)

• उपस्थात्: from the lap/abode
• उपस्थात्: Apādāna (source: ‘from the lap/seat’)
• Type: Noun (ablative)
• Root: उपस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्पार्षम्: I did not let (it) touch; I warded off contact
• अस्पार्षम्: Kriyā (speaker as Kartā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्पृश् (aorist) with अ- (neg.)

• एनम्: this one; him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्/इदम् (enad-pronoun)

• शतशारदाय: for a hundred autumns (i.e., years)
• शतशारदाय: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit: ‘for … years’)
• Type: Adjective (dative of purpose)
• Root: शत-शारद (compound; शत + शारद ‘autumnal year’)