Rig Veda 1.10.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.10

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; hence RV 1.10)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for early Indra hymns in Mandala 1)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यत्सानोः सानुमारुहद्भूर्यस्पष्ट कर्त्वम् । तदिन्द्रो अर्थं चेतति यूथेन वृष्णिरेजति ॥

Transliteration

yát sā́noḥ sā́num ā́ aruhad bhū́ry aspáṣṭa kártvam | tád índro árthaṃ cetati yūthéna vṛ́ṣṇir éjati ||

Translation

Apabila jiwa mendaki dari puncak ke puncak, banyak kerja perlu dijelaskan dan dibentuk dengan tepat; tujuan sejati itu Indra mengerti, dan daya-Lembu Jantan bergerak maju bersama kawanan—menghimpun banyak kekuatan menjadi satu mara kemenangan.

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Word by Word

• यत्: that which / when / as
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• सानोः: of/from the ridge, summit
• सानोः: Apādāna (source/point from which) / Adhikaraṇa (locus) (contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सानु (प्रातिपदिक)

• सानुम्: the ridge/summit
• सानुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सानु (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहत्: ascended, climbed
• आरुहत्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुह् (रुहँ) ‘to ascend, grow’

• भूरि: much, abundant
• भूरि: —
• Type: Adjective/Indeclinable (quantifier)
• Root: भूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्पष्ट: not clear, indistinct
• अस्पष्ट: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ- + स्पष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) (< √पश्/√स्पश् ‘to see/appear’ in ‘स्पष्ट’)

• कर्त्वम्: deed, exploit
• कर्त्वम्: Karma (of ‘चेतति’) / or object of cognition
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्त्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘deed, exploit, act’)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्थम्: purpose, meaning, aim
• अर्थम्: Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)

• चेतति: perceives, understands
• चेतति: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चितीँ) ‘to perceive, notice, understand’

• यूथेन: with a troop, in a herd
• यूथेन: Karaṇa (instrument/means; ‘with/by a troop’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यूथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्णिः: the bull/strong one (Indra)
• वृष्णिः: Kartā (of ‘रेजति’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: वृष्णि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stallion-like, bull; strong one’; also ‘of the Vṛṣṇis’ in later usage)

• रेजति: shakes, moves, rushes
• रेजति: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिज्/√रेज् (रेजृँ) ‘to shake, tremble, move’