Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 91, Shloka 82

इन्द्रजित्-वधः

The Slaying of Indrajit

Devanagari script

केचिल्लङ्कांपरित्रस्ताःविष्टावानरार्दिताः ।समुद्रेपतिताःकेचित्केचित्पर्वतमाश्रिताः ।।।।

Transliteration

kecil laṅkāṃ paritrastāḥ viṣṭā vānārārdhitāḥ |

samudre patitāḥ kecit kecit parvatam āśritāḥ ||

Translation

Diburu dan dihimpit oleh para Vanara, sebahagian dalam ketakutan menerobos masuk ke Laṅkā; sebahagian jatuh ke laut; dan sebahagian berlindung di gunung.

Word by Word

• kecit: some (people)
• kecit: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun/सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) (contextual), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); indeclinable-like pronominal form meaning 'some'

• laṅkām: Lanka
• laṅkām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• paritrastāḥ: terrified
• paritrastāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari-tras (धातु) > paritrasta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with implied subject 'kecit'

• praviṣṭāḥ: entered
• praviṣṭāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-viś (धातु) > praviṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); 'having entered'

• vānarārditāḥ: tormented by the monkeys
• vānarārditāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vānara + ardita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): vānara-ardita = 'afflicted by monkeys'; ardita is PPP (क्त) from √ard (पीडने) or causative sense 'to torment'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• samudre: in the ocean
• samudre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• patitāḥ: fallen
• patitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pat (धातु) > patita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past active participle / past participial adjective (क्त/PPP used adjectivally), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); 'fallen'

• kecit: some
• kecit: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine (contextual), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• kecit: some
• kecit: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine (contextual), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• parvatam: a mountain
• parvatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āśritāḥ: took refuge
• āśritāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-śri (धातु) > āśrita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); 'having taken refuge (in)'

Context

Pained by Vanaras, some fearful entered Lanka, few had fallen in the ocean and some sought refuge in the mountain.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• Laṅkā
• Samudra (ocean)
• Parvata (mountain)
• Rākṣasas (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

When adharma collapses, there is no stable refuge—external shelters (city, ocean, mountain) cannot replace inner righteousness and right conduct.

What is the narrative situation?

The defeated Rākṣasas scatter, seeking safety in different places while pursued by the Vānaras.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The Vānaras’ perseverance in protecting the righteous cause by preventing the enemy from regrouping.