Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 91, Shloka 35

इन्द्रजित्-वधः

The Slaying of Indrajit

Devanagari script

तैःपृषत्कैर्ललाटस्थैश्शुशुभेरघुनन्दनः ।रणाग्रेसमरश्लाघीत्रिशृङ्गइवपर्वतः ।।।।

Transliteration

taiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ lalāṭasthaiḥ śuśubhe raghunandanaḥ | raṇāgre samaraślāghī triśṛṅga iva parvataḥ ||

Translation

Dengan anak-anak panah yang tertancap di dahinya, Lakṣmaṇa—kegembiraan keturunan Raghu, yang memuji medan laga—bersinar di hadapan perang laksana gunung berkepala tiga.

Word by Word

• सः: he (Lakshmana)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• तथा: thus / in that manner
• तथा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (निपात/particle; emphasis)

• अर्दितः: wounded / afflicted
• अर्दितः: Karta-guṇa (कर्तृगुण/Subject attribute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ardita (√ard धातु, क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; agrees with सः

• बाणैः: by arrows
• बाणैः: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural

• राक्षसेन: by the Rakshasa (Indrajit)
• राक्षसेन: Karta (कर्ता/Agent; in passive sense with अर्दितः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (कालवाचक/adverb of time)

• मृधे: in battle
• मृधे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular

• तम्: him (Indrajit)
• तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular

• आशु: quickly
• आशु: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: āśu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)

• प्रतिविव्याध: pierced in return
• प्रतिविव्याध: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-vi-vyadh (प्रति+वि√व्यध् धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• पञ्चभिः: with five
• पञ्चभिः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pañca (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral adjective, Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural; agrees with शरैः

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural

• विकृष्य: having drawn (back)
• विकृष्य: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vi-√kṛṣ (वि√कृष् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), avyaya; ‘having drawn (the bow)’

• इन्द्रजितः: Indrajit
• इन्द्रजितः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; of implied verb)
• Type: Noun
• Root: indrajit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular

• वदने: on the face
• वदने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular

• शुभ-कुण्डले: (with) auspicious earrings
• शुभ-कुण्डले: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (प्रातिपदिक) + kuṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya, Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular; agrees with वदने (locative description)

Context

Lakshmana, the delight of Raghus, who loved to fight, looked charming in the battlefield with three arrows stuck on his forehead looking like three mountain peaks.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Raghu lineage (Raghunandana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in adversity: steadfastness under injury—enduring pain without abandoning one’s righteous duty—models disciplined courage.

What is the narrative situation?

After being struck on the forehead by three arrows, Lakṣmaṇa remains undaunted and stands radiant at the battle-front.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fortitude (dhairya) and heroic perseverance—Lakṣmaṇa’s refusal to falter despite wounds.