Shloka 61

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तच्छैलशृङ्गंसहसाविकीर्णंभुजान्तरेतस्यतदाविशाले ।ततोनिषेदुःसहसाप्लवङ्गारक्षोगणाश्चापिमुदाविनेदुः ।।।।

Transliteration

tacchailaśṛṅgaṃ sahasā vikīrṇaṃ bhujāntare tasya tadā viśāle | tato niṣeduḥ sahasā plavaṅgā rakṣogaṇāś cāpi mudā vinēduḥ ||

Translation

Puncak gunung itu serta-merta berkecai di antara bahunya yang lebar. Maka para Vānara pun terhenyak dalam dukacita, sedangkan bala Rākṣasa mengaum bersorak kegembiraan.

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: कर्म (object; with śailaśṛṅgam as apposition/qualification)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (nom./acc. sg. neut.)

• śailaśṛṅgam: mountain-peak
• śailaśṛṅgam: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaila + śṛṅga (प्रातिपदिके) — समासः
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (acc. sg. neut.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (śailasya śṛṅgam = peak of a mountain)

• sahasā: suddenly/forcefully
• sahasā: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• vikīrṇam: scattered, shattered
• vikīrṇam: विशेषण (qualifier of śailaśṛṅgam)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + √kṝ (कॄ) → vikīrṇa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (acc. sg. neut.); कर्मणि प्रयोगः (scattered/broken to pieces)

• bhujāntare: between (his) shoulders/arms
• bhujāntare: अधिकरण (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhuja + antara (प्रातिपदिके) — समासः
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (loc. sg. neut.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (bhujayoḥ antaram = between the arms/shoulders)

• tasya: of him / his
• tasya: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation: 'of him')
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (gen. sg.)

• tadā: then
• tadā: क्रियाविशेषण (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• viśāle: broad, wide
• viśāle: विशेषण (qualifier of bhujāntare)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viśāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (loc. sg. neut.); विशेषण (agreeing with bhujāntare)

• tataḥ: thereafter
• tataḥ: क्रियाविशेषण (sequence)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रम/अपादानार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (thereafter/from that point)

• niṣeduḥ: sat down, settled
• niṣeduḥ: क्रिया (action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + √sad (सद्) (धातु) → niṣad (तिङन्त)
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद; perfect); प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन (3rd person plural); अर्थः—'sat down/settled'

• sahasā: suddenly/at once
• sahasā: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• plavaṅgāḥ: monkeys
• plavaṅgāḥ: कर्ता (agent/subject of niṣeduḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (nom. pl. masc.)

• rakṣogaṇāḥ: troops of rakshasas
• rakṣogaṇāḥ: कर्ता (agent/subject of vineduḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिके) — समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (nom. pl. masc.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (rakṣasāṃ gaṇaḥ = troop of rakṣasas)

• ca: and
• ca: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• api: also
• api: निपात (particle modifying rakṣogaṇāḥ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थक (particle: also/even)

• mudā: with joy
• mudā: करण (instrument/means; manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mudā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन (instr. sg. fem.); हेतौ/साधनभावे (by/with joy)

• vineduḥ: roared, shouted
• vineduḥ: क्रिया (action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √nad (नद्) (धातु) → vinad (तिङन्त)
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद; perfect); प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन (3rd person plural); अर्थः—'roared/sounded'

Context

Then the mountain peak dropped on the chest broke into pieces. Thereafter the monkeys were despaired, and Rakshasas roared in joy.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Vānara army (Plavaṅgas)
• Rākṣasa troops
• Mountain peak

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse cautions that external outcomes can mislead: dharma is not measured by momentary cheers or despair, but by steadfast commitment to the righteous cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva’s mountain strike breaks apart; morale shifts—Vānaras falter, Rākṣasas exult.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective resilience is tested; the righteous side must recover composure and continue despite a setback.