Shloka 48

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

त मापतन्तंबुद्ध्वातुयुद्धमार्गविशारदः ।लाघवान्मोचयामाबलवान् वानरर्षभः ।।।।

Transliteration

tam āpatantaṃ buddhvā tu yuddhamārgaviśāradaḥ |

lāghavān mocayāmāsa balavān vānararṣabhaḥ ||

Translation

Menyedari senjata itu meluru ke arahnya, Aṅgada—lembu jantan unggul antara Vānara, mahir selok-belok peperangan—mengelak dengan kelincahan yang pantas.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• आपतन्तम्: rushing/attacking
• आपतन्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-पत् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (तम्)

• बुद्ध्वा: having perceived
• बुद्ध्वा: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्यय; ‘having understood/realized’

• तु: then/indeed
• तु: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात

• युद्धमार्गविशारदः: skilled in the ways of battle
• युद्धमार्गविशारदः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युद्ध-मार्ग-विशारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (युद्धमार्गे विशारदः)

• लाघवात्: due to agility
• लाघवात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लाघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (हेतु), एकवचन

• मोचयामास: released/saved
• मोचयामास: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/परिपूर्ण), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)

• बलवान्: mighty
• बलवान्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (वानरर्षभः)

• वानरर्षभः: bull among Vanaras
• वानरर्षभः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर-ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (वानराणाम् ऋषभः)

Context

Angada who was knowledgeable of warfare, endowed with prowess, a bull among Vanaras, stopped the pike approaching him with agility and escaped.

Characters & Entities

• Angada
• Vānara
• Śūla (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in combat includes skillful self-preservation for a righteous purpose: staying alive and effective is part of one’s duty to protect others and complete the mission.

What is the narrative situation?

As Kumbhakarṇa’s hurled weapon approaches, Angada anticipates its trajectory and avoids it through battlefield expertise and agility.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Prajñā (situational intelligence) and kauśala (martial skill): calm recognition and precise movement rather than panic.