Shloka 18

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

स कुम्भकर्णंकुपितोजघानवेगेनशैलोत्तमभीमकायम् ।स चक्षुभेतेनतदाभिभूतोमेदार्द्रगात्रोरुधिरावसिक्तः ।।।।

Transliteration

sa kumbhakarṇaṃ kupito jaghāna vegena śailottama-bhīma-kāyam |

sa cakṣubhe tena tadābhibhūto medārdragātro rudhirāvasiktaḥ ||

Translation

Dengan murka, baginda menghentam Kumbhakarṇa dengan kelajuan yang dahsyat—tubuhnya menggerunkan bagaikan gunung agung. Ditundukkan oleh pukulan itu, Kumbhakarṇa terhuyung-hayang; anggota badannya bersalut lemak dan bermandi darah.

Word by Word

• सः: he (Hanuman)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• कुम्भकर्णम्: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular)

• कुपितः: enraged
• कुपितः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kupita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular): 'angered'

• जघान: struck
• जघान: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (3rd person singular, Perfect)

• वेगेन: with force/speed
• वेगेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Singular)

• शैलोत्तमभीमकायम्: huge-bodied like a great rock, terrifying
• शैलोत्तमभीमकायम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śaila + uttama + bhīma + kāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुपद-कर्मधारय (descriptive): शैलोत्तम इव भीमकायम्; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular)

• सः: he (Kumbhakarna)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• चक्षुभे: was shaken
• चक्षुभे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṣubh (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (3rd person singular, Perfect, Ātmanepada): 'was shaken/agitated'

• तेन: by that (blow)
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (Pronoun, Instrumental, Singular)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): 'then'

• अभिभूतः: overpowered
• अभिभूतः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhi-√bhū (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular): 'overpowered'

• मेदार्द्रगात्रः: whose limbs were wet with fat
• मेदार्द्रगात्रः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: medas + ārdra + gātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि: मेदसा आर्द्राणि गात्राणि यस्य; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• रुधिरावसिक्तः: drenched in blood
• रुधिरावसिक्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rudhira + ava-√sic (धातु)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (instrumental sense): रुधिरेण अवसिक्तः; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

Context

Enraged Hanuman struck Kumbhakarna endowed with a rock like frightening body. Overpowered by that blow Kumbhakarna was upset and bespattered with fat and got bathed in blood.

Characters & Entities

• Hanūmān
• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in war (yuddha-dharma) includes steadfast resistance against destructive aggression; Hanūmān’s force is not cruelty but protective duty toward Rāma’s just cause.

What is the narrative situation?

During the fight with Kumbhakarṇa, Hanūmān attacks him powerfully, visibly wounding and staggering the giant.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanūmān’s vīrya (valor) and bhakti (devoted service): he confronts overwhelming danger for the protection of dharma and his lord’s mission.