Shloka 135

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

क्रोधरक्तेक्षणोवीरोनिर्दहन्निवचक्षुषा ।।।।राघवोराक्षसंरोषाभिदुद्राववेगितः ।यूथपान्हर्षयन्सर्वान्कुम्भकर्णभयार्दितान् ।।।।

Transliteration

krodharakteṣaṇo vīro nirdahann iva cakṣuṣā | rāghavo rākṣasaṁ roṣābhidudrāva vegitaḥ | yūthapān harṣayan sarvān kumbhakarṇabhayārditān ||

Translation

Wira Raghava, matanya merah menyala kerana murka seakan membakar dengan pandangan, meluru pantas ke arah raksasa itu; sambil menyemangati semua ketua pasukan yang digentarkan oleh ketakutan terhadap Kumbhakarna.

Word by Word

• krodha-rakta-īkṣaṇaḥ: whose eyes were red with anger
• krodha-rakta-īkṣaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + rakta (प्रातिपदिक) + īkṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समासः (yasya īkṣaṇe raktaṃ krodhāt); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (vīraḥ/rāghavaḥ)

• vīraḥ: hero
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• nirdahan: burning
• nirdahan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir + √dah (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• iva: as if
• iva: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/comparison)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-वाचक-अव्यय

• cakṣuṣā: with (his) eyes
• cakṣuṣā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• rākṣasam: the rakshasa
• rākṣasam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• roṣāt: from anger/in anger
• roṣāt: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: roṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः (5th/Ablative), एकवचनम्

• abhidudrāva: rushed towards
• abhidudrāva: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi + √dru (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• vegitaḥ: swiftly
• vegitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vegita (प्रातिपदिक; vega + ita)
• Form: इत-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त/विशेषण (swift); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• yūthapān: troop-leaders
• yūthapān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yūthapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्

• harṣayan: gladdening
• harṣayan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √hṛṣ (धातु) + ṇic (causative) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, causative: causing to rejoice); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (rāghavaḥ)

• sarvān: all
• sarvān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (yūthapān)

• kumbhakarṇa-bhaya-arditān: afflicted by fear of Kumbhakarna
• kumbhakarṇa-bhaya-arditān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + ardita (प्रातिपदिक; √ard + kta)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी/तृतीया-सम्बन्धः: kumbhakarṇāt bhayam; bhayena arditāḥ); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (yūthapān)

Context

Raghava's eyes turned red with anger, went quickly in anger as monkeys and troop leaders oppressed by Kumbhakarna were rejoiced.

Characters & Entities

• Rama (Raghava)
• Rakshasa
• Kumbhakarna

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A Dharmic leader does not merely fight; he restores morale and protects the fearful, turning panic into purposeful action.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama charges the enemy (contextually Kumbhakarna) and simultaneously encourages the Vanara commanders who are distressed.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Leadership through courage—fearlessness paired with the capacity to uplift others.