Shloka 1

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सप्रविश्यपुरींलङ्कांरामबाणभयार्धितः ।भग्नदर्पस्तदाराजाबभूवव्यथितेन्द्रियः ।।।।

Transliteration

sa praviśya purīṃ laṅkāṃ rāmabāṇabhayārditaḥ |

bhagnadarpaḥ tadā rājā babhūva vyathitendriyaḥ ||6.60.1||

Translation

Tatkala memasuki kota Laṅkā, sang raja dihimpit ketakutan akan anak panah Rāma; hancur keangkuhannya, goncang pancainderanya, gelisah dan tidak tenteram.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• praviśya: having entered
• praviśya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra+√viś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (Gerund)

• purīm: city
• purīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• laṅkām: Lanka
• laṅkām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; पुर्याः विशेषण/अप्पोजिशन

• rāma-bāṇa-bhaya-ardhitaḥ: afflicted by fear of Rama's arrows
• rāma-bāṇa-bhaya-ardhitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rāma+bāṇa+bhaya+ardhita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ard)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषसमासः (रामस्य बाणानां भयेन अर्धितः)

• bhagna-darpaḥ: whose pride was broken
• bhagna-darpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhagna+darpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (भग्नः दर्पः यस्य)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; कालवाचक

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• babhūva: became
• babhūva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• vyathita-indriyaḥ: whose senses were distressed
• vyathita-indriyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyathita+indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (व्यथितानि इन्द्रियाणि यस्य)

Context

Then the king of Lanka after entering the city of Lanka, felt humiliated by Rama's arrow, vanity crushed and had lost control over his senses.

Characters & Entities

• Lanka
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma-driven power collapses inwardly: unrighteous action breeds fear and loss of self-mastery, while dharma (right conduct) sustains inner steadiness.

What is the narrative situation?

After being checked in battle, Rāvaṇa returns into Laṅkā, psychologically shaken by the threat of Rāma’s weapons.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast (through Ravana’s distress), the verse highlights the virtue of self-control (indriya-nigraha) that dharmic leaders maintain under pressure.