Shloka 13

Devanagari script

जलप्रपातैरुद्भेदैर्निष्यन्दैश्च क्वचित्क्वचित्।स्रवद्भिर्भात्ययं शैल स्स्रवन्मद इव द्विपः।।।।

Transliteration

jala-prapātair udbhedair niṣyandaiś ca kvacit kvacit | sravadbhir bhāti ayaṃ śailaḥ sravan-mada iva dvipaḥ ||

Translation

Dengan air terjun, mata air yang memancar, dan aliran kecil yang menitis di sana-sini, gunung ini bersinar—bagaikan gajah dalam musim musth, mengalirkan madanya.

Word by Word

• jala-prapātaiḥ: by waterfalls
• jala-prapātaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक) + prapāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: jalasya prapātāḥ); Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• udbhedaiḥ: by upsurges/springs
• udbhedaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udbheda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• niṣyandaiḥ: by trickles/fountains
• niṣyandaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niṣyanda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• kvacit: somewhere
• kvacit: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kvacit (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देश/कालवाचक अव्यय)

• kvacit: here and there
• kvacit: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kvacit (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (पुनरुक्ति for distributive sense)

• sravadbhiḥ: by the flowing (waters)
• sravadbhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √sru (स्रवति) (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ-pratyaya present participle (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter/Masculine agreeing with implied streams

• bhāti: shines
• bhāti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhā (भाति) (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (लट्/Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथम), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• ayam: this
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• śailaḥ: mountain
• śailaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• sravan-madaḥ: oozing ichor
• sravan-madaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sravat (कृदन्त, √sru) + mada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya: sravan (flowing) + mada (ichor/intoxication); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• iva: like
• iva: Upamāna-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle of comparison (उपमावाचक अव्यय)

• dvipaḥ: elephant
• dvipaḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvipa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Behold a waterfall here and a fountain there gushing from the earth and in other places, the mountain looks like an elephant rutting ichor.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā
• Citrakūṭa (implied)
• waterfalls
• elephant (dvipa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is contemplative attentiveness: seeing nature as meaningful and ordered fosters inner steadiness, supporting righteous living even in exile.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma poetically describes the mountain’s waters—falls and springs—to Sītā during their time at Citrakūṭa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s poetic insight and calm joy, transforming a harsh life into a disciplined appreciation of beauty.