Shloka 19

रामशय्यादर्शनम्

Bharata Beholds Rama’s Forest Bed

Devanagari script

सार्वभौमकुले जात स्सर्वलोकस्य सम्मतः।सर्वलोकप्रियस्त्यक्त्वा राज्यं सुखमनुत्तम्।।2.88.18।।कथमिन्दीवरश्यामो रक्ताक्षः प्रियदर्शनः।सुखभागी न दुःखार्ह श्शयितो भुवि राघवः।।2.88.19।।

Transliteration

tac chrutvā nipuṇaṃ sarvaṃ bharataḥ saha mantribhiḥ |

iṅgudīmūlam āgamya rāmaśayyām avekṣya tām ||

abravīj jananīḥ sarvā iha tena mahātmanā |

śarvarī śayitā bhūmāv idam asya vimarditam ||

Translation

Setelah mendengar segala-galanya dengan teliti, Bharata bersama para menteri tiba di pangkal pokok iṅgudī; memandang hamparan tidur Rāma, baginda berkata kepada semua bonda: “Di sinilah Mahātma itu berbaring di bumi sepanjang malam; inilah tempat alas tidurnya telah tertekan.”

Word by Word

• कथम्: how?
• कथम्: सम्बन्ध/प्रश्न (interrogative modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• इन्दीवर-श्यामः: dark like a blue lotus
• इन्दीवर-श्यामः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (agent qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इन्दीवर (प्रातिपदिक) + श्याम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; विशेषण (masc., nominative singular; adjective)

• रक्त-अक्षः: red-eyed
• रक्त-अक्षः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रक्त (प्रातिपदिक) + अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (having red eyes)

• प्रिय-दर्शनः: pleasing to behold
• प्रिय-दर्शनः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• सुख-भागी: a sharer of happiness / destined for happiness
• सुख-भागी: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक) + भागिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण; 'भागिन्' (possessor)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधाव्यय (negation particle)

• दुःख-अर्हः: deserving of suffering
• दुःख-अर्हः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्ह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण; 'अर्ह' = deserving

• शयितः: slept / lain down
• शयितः: भाव/अवस्था (state predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शी (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थक (PPP used predicatively)

• भुवि: on the ground
• भुवि: अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक: भूमि/भुवि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; अधिकरण (locative)

• राघवः: Rāghava (Rama)
• राघवः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

How could such Rama sleep on the ground? He was born in the house of emperors, worthy of reverence by the entire world and beloved of all the worlds, with the complexion of a blue lotus, with red eyes, and pleasing looks, one who deserves to be happy and not to suffer by renouncing the kingdom and excellent comforts.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rāma
• Ministers (mantrin)
• Iṅgudī tree

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires truthful acknowledgment of suffering caused by political events; Bharata publicly recognizes Rāma’s austere conduct, preparing the ground for restitution and right action.

What is the narrative situation?

After hearing Guha’s account, Bharata arrives at the iṅgudī tree and shows the queens the place where Rāma slept on the ground.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s sincerity and dutiful transparency—he seeks Rāma and documents the reality of his exile without minimizing it.