Valmiki Ramayana 2.81.5 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 81, Shloka 5

एकाशीति तमः सर्गः

Bharata’s Grief, Courtly Summons, and the Assembly Hall

Devanagari script

पश्य शत्रुघ्न कैकेय्या लोकस्यापकृतं महत्।विसृज्य मयि दुःखानि राजा दशरथो गतः।।।।

Transliteration

paśya śatrughna kaikeyyā lokasyāpakṛtaṃ mahat |

visṛjya mayi duḥkhāni rājā daśaratho gataḥ ||

Translation

“Lihatlah, Śatrughna, betapa besar mudarat yang Kaikeyī lakukan terhadap rakyat. Raja Daśaratha telah mangkat, meninggalkan beban penderitaan ini ke atas diriku.”

Word by Word

• paśya: see
• paśya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन (sg.)

• śatrughna: O Shatrughna
• śatrughna: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatrughna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), सम्बोधन (Voc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• kaikeyyā: by Kaikeyi
• kaikeyyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), तृतीया (Instr.), एकवचन (sg.)

• lokasya: of the people
• lokasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी (Gen.), एकवचन (sg.)

• apakṛtam: harm/wrong
• apakṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apa + √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle used substantively), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); here as object of 'paśya'

• mahat: great
• mahat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'apakṛtam'

• visṛjya: having left
• visṛjya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + √sṛj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having left/abandoned'

• mayi: in/on me
• mayi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, सप्तमी (Loc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• duḥkhāni: sufferings
• duḥkhāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), द्वितीया (Acc.), बहुवचन (pl.)

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.)

• daśarathaḥ: Dasharatha
• daśarathaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); apposition to 'rājā'

• gataḥ: has gone (passed away)
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); finite sense: 'has gone'

Context

O Satrughna! see what great harm has been done to these people at the instance of Kaikeyi. King Dasaratha has gone, leaving me to suffer.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Śatrughna
• Kaikeyī
• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A ruler’s household decisions affect the entire loka (people). Dharma demands accountability for harm caused to society, not merely private regret.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata, newly awakened to the crisis, laments Daśaratha’s death and the damage wrought by Kaikeyī’s actions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Responsibility and compassion: Bharata grieves not only personally but also for the people harmed by the political upheaval.