Valmiki Ramayana 2.77.23 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 77, Shloka 23

और्ध्वदैहिकक्रिया-शोकविलापः

Obsequies for Daśaratha and the Brothers’ Lament

Devanagari script

त्रीणि द्वन्द्वानि भूतेषु प्रवृत्तान्यविशेषतः।।।।तेषु चापरिहार्येषु नैवं भवितुमर्हसि।

Transliteration

trīṇi dvandvāni bhūteṣu pravṛttāny aviśeṣataḥ | teṣu cāparihāryeṣu naivaṃ bhavitum arhasi ||

Translation

Pada segala makhluk, tiga pasangan pertentangan berjalan tanpa kecuali; dan kerana ia tidak dapat dielakkan, tidak patut tuanku tenggelam begini.

Word by Word

• त्रीणि: three
• त्रीणि: विशेषण (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक विशेषण

• द्वन्द्वानि: pairs of opposites
• द्वन्द्वानि: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वन्द्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• भूतेषु: in beings
• भूतेषु: अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• प्रवृत्तानि: prevailing/operative
• प्रवृत्तानि: विशेषण (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रवृत्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; प्र+√वृत् (धातु), क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)

• अविशेषतः: without exception
• अविशेषतः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अविशेषतः (अव्यय; अविशेष + तस्)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)

• तेषु: in those (matters)
• तेषु: अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• अपरिहार्येषु: inescapable
• अपरिहार्येषु: विशेषण (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपरिहार्य (प्रातिपदिक; अ + परिहार्य)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; ‘अपरिहार्य’ = अनिवार्य (inescapable)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• एवम्: thus/like this
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (manner)

• भवितुम्: to be/become
• भवितुम्: प्रयोजन/अनुयोग (Infinitival complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (infinitive)

• अर्हसि: you ought
• अर्हसि: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

There are three dualities - (hunger and thirst, pain and pleasure, birth and death), which are applicable to all living beings without any exception and cannot be eschewed. Therefore, it does not behove you to act in this way.

Characters & Entities

• Vasiṣṭha
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is steadiness (dhairya) grounded in truth: since life is governed by unavoidable dualities, one should act rightly rather than collapse into despair.

What is the narrative situation?

Vasiṣṭha counsels Bharata philosophically, reminding him that suffering and loss are universal and unavoidable.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata is urged toward fortitude and self-mastery—qualities required for dharmic leadership.