Valmiki Ramayana 2.77.20 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 77, Shloka 20

और्ध्वदैहिकक्रिया-शोकविलापः

Obsequies for Daśaratha and the Brothers’ Lament

Devanagari script

ततो विषण्णौ श्रान्तौ च शत्रुघ्नभरतावुभौ।।।।धरण्यां संव्यवेष्टेतां भग्नशृङ्गाविवर्षभौ।

Transliteration

tato viṣaṇṇau śrāntau ca śatrughnabharatāv ubhau | dharaṇyāṃ saṃvyaveṣṭetāṃ bhagnaśṛṅgāv ivarṣabhau ||

Translation

Maka Bharata dan Śatrughna, kedua-duanya dukacita dan letih, menggeliat di bumi laksana dua lembu jantan yang patah tanduknya.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb of sequence (ततः)

• viṣaṇṇau: dejected
• viṣaṇṇau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viṣaṇṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; adjective of śatrughnabharatau

• śrāntau: exhausted
• śrāntau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śrānta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; adjective

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• śatrughna-bharatau: Śatrughna and Bharata
• śatrughna-bharatau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatrughna + bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; itaretara-dvandva (copulative): Śatrughna and Bharata

• ubhau: both
• ubhau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; adjective emphasizing dual

• dharaṇyām: on the ground
• dharaṇyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharaṇī (धरणी) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana

• saṃvyaveṣṭetām: the two lay writhing/rolled about
• saṃvyaveṣṭetām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: saṃ + vi + √veṣṭ (वेष्ट्) (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Dvivacana; ātmanepada; 'they two lay writhing/rolled'

• bhagna-śṛṅgau: with broken horns
• bhagna-śṛṅgau: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhagna + śṛṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; karmadhāraya: bhagnau śṛṅgau yasyau (with broken horns)

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya (comparison)

• vṛṣabhau: two bulls
• vṛṣabhau: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vṛṣabha (वृषभ) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; upamāna noun

Context

Thereafter, both Satrughna and Bharata, dejected and exhausted, lay writhing on the floor like two bulls with their horns broken.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Śatrughna
• Ground (Dharaṇī)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It underscores the human cost of disrupted dharma (rightful succession and family order), showing grief as a consequence of moral and political rupture.

What is the narrative situation?

Overcome by sorrow, the two brothers collapse and writhe on the ground.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Brotherly solidarity and sincerity of emotion—grief is not performative but physically overwhelming.