Valmiki Ramayana 2.66.20: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 20

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

स हि नाथस्सदास्माकं तव च प्रभुरात्मवान्।वनं रामो गतश्श्रीमान्विहाय नृपतिश्रियम्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.66.20

Transliteration

sa hi nāthaḥ sadāsmākaṃ tava ca prabhur ātmavān |

vanaṃ rāmo gataḥ śrīmān vihāya nṛpatiśriyam ||

Translation

Kerana Rama—pelindung kami sentiasa, dan juga tuanmu, berjiwa teguh serta mulia—telah pergi ke rimba, meninggalkan kemegahan takhta raja.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• हि: indeed
• हि: Discourse connector (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निपात; कारण/निश्चयार्थक (indeed/for)

• नाथः: protector
• नाथः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (always)

• अस्माकम्: of us/our
• अस्माकम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• तव: of you/your
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: Conjunction (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्रभुः: master
• प्रभुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• आत्मवान्: self-possessed
• आत्मवान्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आत्मवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (of सः/रामः)

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object; destination)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• गतः: has gone
• गतः: Kriyā (क्रिया; participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP used as finite sense), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; भूतार्थ (has gone)

• श्रीमान्: illustrious
• श्रीमान्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (of रामः)

• विहाय: having abandoned
• विहाय: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+हा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having left)

• नृपतिश्रियम्: royal splendor
• नृपतिश्रियम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of विहाय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति+श्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (royal splendor/fortune)

Context

Rama, who was always our and your self-possessed master and protector has gone to the forest, indeed, abandoning royal wealth.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• forest (vana)
• Kausalyā (implicit speaker)
• Kaikeyī (addressee)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rāma’s renunciation of royal splendor for the sake of obeying a pledged word exemplifies dharma grounded in satya—truthfulness and fidelity to vows, even at personal cost.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalyā speaks to Kaikeyī after Daśaratha’s death, pointing out that Rāma—the true protector—has been sent to the forest, leaving the palace bereft.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s ātmavatva (self-mastery) and tyāga (renunciation), presented as the hallmark of maryādā-puruṣottama conduct.