Shloka 11

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चषष्टितमः सर्गः — Daśaratha’s Death Discovered in the Palace

Morning Rites Turn to Lament

Devanagari script

तत स्सूर्योदयं यावत्सर्वं परिसमुत्सुकम्।तस्थावनुपसम्प्राप्तं किंस्विदित्युपशङ्कितम्।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ sūryodayaṃ yāvat sarvaṃ parisamutsukam |

tasthāv anupasamprāptaṃ kiṃsvid ity upaśaṅkitam ||

Translation

Maka segala pengiring, setelah siap sedia dan penuh debar, berdiri menanti hingga terbit matahari; namun apabila raja masih belum juga muncul, mereka pun mulai mengesyaki bahawa sesuatu yang tidak baik telah berlaku.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (Adverbial/Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), काल/अनन्तरवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb: 'then/thereafter')

• सूर्योदयम्: sunrise
• सूर्योदयम्: अधिकरण (Limit/temporal endpoint with यावत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्योदय (प्रातिपदिक; सूर्य + उदय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: सूर्यस्य उदयः)

• यावत्: until
• यावत्: अधिकरण (Temporal limit marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यावत् (अव्यय/संबन्ध-शब्द)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), परिमाण/अवधि-वाचक (until/as far as)

• सर्वम्: all (the whole group)
• सर्वम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम-शब्द (pronoun/adjectival noun)

• परिसमुत्सुकम्: highly eager/very anxious
• परिसमुत्सुकम्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-सम्-उत्सुक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying सर्वम्)

• तस्थौ: remained/waited
• तस्थौ: क्रिया (Verb; action of the subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; धातु: √स्था (to stand/remain)

• अनुपसम्प्राप्तम्: not having reached/without arriving
• अनुपसम्प्राप्तम्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनु-उप-सम्-प्र-आप् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नकारार्थक उपसर्ग-युक्त (not having reached/without arriving)

• किम्: what
• किम्: कर्म/विषय (Object/content of thought)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम (interrogative)

• स्वित्: indeed/possibly (question particle)
• स्वित्: सम्बन्ध (Particle; discourse function)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वित् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), प्रश्न-निपात (interrogative particle adding uncertainty)

• इति: thus/that
• इति: सम्बन्ध (Quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), उद्धरण/वाक्य-समाप्ति-निपात (quotative: 'thus')

• उपशङ्कितम्: suspecting/apprehensive
• उपशङ्कितम्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-शङ्क् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'सर्वम्' इत्यस्य विशेषण (suspected/apprehensive)

Context

All the highly enthusiastic attendants waited for the king till sunrise. Unable to see the king they doubted about what had happened!

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Ayodhyā (implied palace setting)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is expressed as responsible attentiveness in service: attendants remain ready for duty and, when the expected order of the king’s routine breaks, they soberly inquire rather than act rashly.

What is the narrative situation?

Morning arrives, yet King Daśaratha does not come forth; the palace staff, waiting with preparations, grows anxious and begins to suspect an unseen calamity.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vigilance and duty-bound readiness (sevā-niṣṭhā): the attendants’ commitment to their role and awareness of royal routine.