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Shloka 1

सप्तपञ्चाशः सर्गः

Sumantra’s Return to Ayodhya and the Palace’s Lament

कथयित्वा सुदुःखार्तस्सुमन्त्रेण चिरं सह।रामे दक्षिणकूलस्थे जगाम स्वगृहं गुहः।।।।

kathayitvā suduḥkhārtaḥ sumantreṇa ciraṃ saha | rāme dakṣiṇa-kūla-sthe jagāma sva-gṛhaṃ guhaḥ ||

Setelah berbicara lama dengan Sumantra, dalam derita yang amat dalam, ketika Rāma telah sampai di tebing selatan, Guha pun pulang ke rumahnya sendiri.

कथयित्वाhaving spoken
कथयित्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkathaya (कथय्-धातु/णिच्)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया
सुदुःख-आर्तःgreatly distressed
सुदुःख-आर्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu + duḥkha + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (सुदुःखेन आर्तः)
सुमन्त्रेणwith Sumantra
सुमन्त्रेण:
Saha (सह)
TypeNoun
Rootsumantra (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (सह/करण), एकवचन
चिरम्for long
चिरम्:
Kala (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcira (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् क्रियाविशेषण; कालवाचक (for a long time)
सहtogether with
सह:
Saha (सह)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक उपपद (with)
रामेwhen Rama (was)
रामे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (when Rama was...)
दक्षिण-कूल-स्थेon the southern bank
दक्षिण-कूल-स्थे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdakṣiṇa + kūla + stha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण; समासः तत्पुरुषः (दक्षिणे कूले स्थितः)
जगामwent
जगाम:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (गम्-धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
स्वगृहम्to his own home
स्वगृहम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsva + gṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (स्वस्य गृहम्)
गुहःGuha
गुहः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguha (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम

Until Rama reached the southern bank, Guha kept talking with Sumantra for long and returned home with great sorrow.

R
Rāma
G
Guha
S
Sumantra
G
Gaṅgā (implied by the crossing context)

FAQs

Loyalty and compassionate duty: Guha remains present and supportive until Rāma is safely across, showing dharmic friendship expressed through responsible care.

After assisting and accompanying the exiles, Guha converses with Sumantra and returns home only after Rāma has reached the far bank.

Maitrī (steadfast friendship) and karuṇā (compassion): Guha’s sorrow underscores sincere attachment grounded in respect for Rāma’s righteousness.