Shloka 1

स रामो रथमास्थाय सम्प्रहृष्टसुहृज्जनः।पताकाध्वजसम्पन्नं महार्हागरुधूपितम्।।।।अपश्यन्नगरं श्रीमान्नानाजनसमाकुलम्।

sa rāmo ratham āsthāya samprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjanaḥ | patākādhvajasampannaṃ mahārhāgarudhūpitam || apaśyan nagaraṃ śrīmān nānājanasamākulam |

Rama menaiki rata, para sahabatnya bersukacita; yang mulia itu memandang kota—dihiasi panji dan bendera, diselimuti harum dupa agaru yang mahal, serta sesak oleh pelbagai jenis manusia.

सःhe/that
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
रामःRama
रामः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
आस्थायhaving mounted
आस्थाय:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal), ‘having mounted/after boarding’
सम्प्रहृष्टसुहृज्जनःwhose friends/companions were delighted
सम्प्रहृष्टसुहृज्जनः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण/Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्प्रहृष्ट (कृदन्त) + सुहृद् (प्रातिपदिक) + जन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (suḥṛd-janaḥ = ‘of friends/companions’), पूर्वपद ‘सम्प्रहृष्ट’ विशेषण
पताकाध्वजसम्पन्नम्adorned with banners and flags
पताकाध्वजसम्पन्नम्:
Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootपताका (प्रातिपदिक) + ध्वज (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्पन्न (कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (पताकाध्वजैः सम्पन्नम् = ‘endowed with banners and flags’)
महार्हागरुधूपितम्perfumed with costly agaru-incense
महार्हागरुधूपितम्:
Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहार्ह (प्रातिपदिक) + अगरु (प्रातिपदिक) + धूपित (कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (महार्हेण अगरुणा धूपितम् = ‘fumigated/perfumed with costly agaru’)
अपश्यन्beholding/saw
अपश्यन्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeVerb
Rootअ-पश् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्रिया—‘seeing/beholding’ (finite sense with ellipsis)
नगरम्city
नगरम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootनगर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
श्रीमान्illustrious
श्रीमान्:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण/Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रीमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of रामः)
नानाvarious
नाना:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिकवत्)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable) used adjectivally = ‘various’
जनpeople
जन:
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन-प्रातिपदिकार्थ (in compound); here as prior member in समास
समाकुलम्crowded/filled
समाकुलम्:
Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (of नगरम्)

Sumantra beheld Rama, who resembled Kubera. Rama was sitting on a richlycovered golden couch, welladorned and anointed with precious, pure, fragrant red sandalpaste the colour of which appeared like the blood of a hog. With Sita standing by his side with a fan of yak's tail in her hand Rama, the tormentor of foes, looked like the Moon united with (the star) Chitra.

R
Rama
A
Ayodhya (city)
A
Agaru (fragrant wood/incense)

FAQs

Dharma is communal harmony: citizens and companions rejoice in a righteous succession, expressing social unity rather than factionalism.

Rama rides in a chariot and views Ayodhya festively decorated and crowded, as the city anticipates a major royal event.

Lokasaṅgraha (upholding social cohesion): Rama’s presence draws collective joy and orderly celebration.